Time-dependent microglia and macrophages response after traumatic spinal cord injury in rat: a systematic review. Issue 11 (November 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rezvan, Motahareh; Meknatkhah, Sogol; Hassannejad, Zahra; Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi; Zadegan, Shayan A.; Shokraneh, Farhad; Vaccaro, Alexander R.; Lu, Yi; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
• Is Part Of: Injury. Volume 51:Issue 11(2020)
• Page Start: 2390
• Page End: 2401
• Publication Date: 2020-11
• Subjects: Rats -- Microglia -- Macrophages -- Spinal cord injuries; Wounds and injuries -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Accidents -- Periodicals; Wounds and Injuries -- surgery -- Periodicals; Lésions et blessures -- Chirurgie -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; Electronic journals; 617.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.07.007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0020-1383

Abstract

Highlights: The microglia/macrophages cells play a critical role in secondary damage as well as restoration initiation. Different phenotypes and reactivity of microglia/macrophages might have different roles during restoration process after TSCI over the time. The microglia/macrophages responses initiated in early hours after TSCI and continued until months and even a year in different injury models. The most cell responses were at the epicenter, in or near the lesion site in both gray and white matter. Abstract: Objective: To acquire evidence-based knowledge in temporal and spatial patterns of microglia/macrophages changes to facilitate finding proper intervention time for functional restoration after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). Setting: Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE via Ovid SP with no temporal and linguistic restrictions. Besides, hand-search was performed in the bibliographies of relevant studies. The experimental non-interventional and non-transgenic animal studies confined to the rat species which assess the pathological change of microglia /macrophages at the specified time were included. Results: We found 15, 315 non-duplicate studies. Screening through title and abstract narrowed down to 607 relevant articles, 31 of them were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The reactivity of the microglia/macrophages initiates in early hours PI in contusion, compression and transection models. Cells activity reached a maximum within 48 h to 28 days in compression, 7 days in contusion and between 4 and 60 days in transection models. Inflammatory response occurred at the epicenter, in or near the lesion site in both gray and white matter in all three injury models with a maximum extension of one centimeter caudal and rostral to the epicenter in the gray matter in contusion and transection models. Conclusion: This study was designed to study spatial-temporal changes in the activation of microglia/macrophages overtime after TSCI. We were able to demonstrate time-dependent cell morphological changes after TSCI. The peak times of cell reactivity and the areas where the cells responded to the injury were determined.