The rationale for a multi-step therapeutic approach based on antivirals, drugs and nutrients with immunomodulatory activity in patients with coronavirus-SARS2-induced disease of different severities. Issue 3 (14th February 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Fiorino, Sirio; Zippi, Maddalena; Gallo, Claudio; Sifo, Debora; Sabbatani, Sergio; Manfredi, Roberto; Rasciti, Edoardo; Rasciti, Leonardo; Giampieri, Enrico; Corazza, Ivan; Leandri, Paolo; de Biase, Dario
• Is Part Of: British journal of nutrition. Volume 125:Issue 3(2021)
• Page Start: 275
• Page End: 293
• Publication Date: 2021-02-14
• Subjects: SARS, -- COVID-19, -- Vitamins, -- Therapy; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 572.4
• DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520002913
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0007-1145

Abstract

Abstract: In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognised to cause a pneumonia epidemic outbreak with different degrees of severity in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. Since then, this epidemic has spread worldwide; in Europe, Italy has been involved. Effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are absolutely required to block this serious public health concern. Unfortunately, few studies about SARS-CoV-2 concerning its immunopathogenesis and treatment are available. On the basis of the assumption that the SARS-CoV-2 is genetically related to SARS-CoV (about 82 % of genome homology) and that its characteristics, like the modality of transmission or the type of the immune response it may stimulate, are still poorly known, a literature search was performed to identify the reports assessing these elements in patients with SARS-CoV-induced infection. Therefore, we have analysed: (1) the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV; (2) the clinical signs and symptoms and pathogenic mechanisms observed during the development of acute respiratory syndrome and the cytokine release syndrome; (3) the modification of the cell microRNome and of the immune response in patients with SARS infection; and (4) the possible role of some fat-soluble compounds (such as vitamins A, D and E) in modulating directly or indirectly the replication ability of SARS-CoV-2 and host immune response.