Understanding clinical and immunological features associated with Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus keratitis. Issue 1 (February 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Shrestha, Gauri Shankar; Vijay, Ajay Kumar; Stapleton, Fiona; Henriquez, Fiona L.; Carnt, Nicole
• Is Part Of: Contact lens & anterior eye. Volume 44:Issue 1(2021)
• Page Start: 3
• Page End: 13
• Publication Date: 2021-02
• Subjects: Contact lens -- Cornea -- Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- Staphylococcus aureus -- Neutrophil -- MIP-2 -- ICAM-1 -- Keratitis; Anterior segment (Eye) -- Periodicals; Contact lenses -- Periodicals; Segment antérieur (Œil) -- Périodiques; Lentilles de contact -- Périodiques; 617.752305
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.11.014
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1367-0484

Abstract

Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the two dominant Gram-negative and -positive species, respectively, isolated from patients with contact lens-related bacterial keratitis. The clinical features of bacterial keratitis vary, such that timely differential diagnosis can be challenging, which may cause a delay in diagnosis resulting in poorer outcome. This review aims to explore the current understanding of clinical and immunological features associated with contact lens-related P. aeruginosa and S. aureus keratitis based on currently available evidence. Firstly, the review characterises contact lens-related P. aeruginosa and S. aureus keratitis, based on clinical features and prognostic factors. Secondly, the review describes the primary immune response associated with a bacterial infection in in-vivo non-scratch contact lens-wearing animal models, colonised by bacteria on contact lens and topical administration of bacteria on the cornea. Finally, the review discusses the role of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) in neutrophil recruitment based on both in-vivo scratch models of bacterial keratitis and bacterial challenged in cell culture models.