Intakes of Major Types of Fat Before Pregnancy and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. (29th May 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Arvizu, Mariel; Gaskins, Audrey; Stuart, Jennifer; Rich-Edwards, Janet; Chavarro, Jorge E
• Is Part Of: Current developments in nutrition. Volume 4(2020)Supplement 2
• Page Start: 936
• Page End: 936
• Publication Date: 2020-05-29
• Subjects: Nutrition -- Periodicals; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutrition; Periodicals; Periodicals; Fulltext; Internet Resources; Periodicals; 612.3
• DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_008
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2475-2991

Abstract

Abstract: Objectives: While there is significant literature on the relation between intake of fat and of specific fatty acids during pregnancy with the risk of preeclampsia, the relation of pre-pregnancy intake with preeclampsia and GHTN has not been extensively evaluated. Methods: In the Nurses' Health Study II, 11, 660 women without a history of chronic disease reported 17, 114 singleton pregnancies between 1992 and 2009. Pre-pregnancy diet was assessed every four years, starting in 1991 using a 131-item food frequency questionnaire. GHTN and preeclampsia were self-reported biennially. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of GHTN and preeclampsia were estimated with log-binomial regression, employing generalized estimating equations to account for repeated pregnancies, and adjusting for total energy intake, protein intake, age at pregnancy, marital status, history of infertility, gestational diabetes, parity, multivitamin use, race, and co-adjustment for major types of fat. Results: Mean (SD) age at pregnancy was 34.6 (3.9) years. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) were reported in 1066 (6%) pregnancies (564 [3%] GHTN; 502 [3%] preeclampsia). Total fat intake before pregnancy was not associated with the risk of GHTN or preeclampsia. When intakes of major types of fats (saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans) were evaluated, only intake of trans fats was associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia. Women in the highest quartile of trans fat intake (median [range], 2.18 [1.84–5.75] % of calories) had a 45% (CI: 7%, 97%; p-trend = 0.01) greater risk of preeclampsia than women with the lowest quartile of intake (median [range]: 0.91 [0.11–1.09] % of calories). A similar, albeit attenuated, association was observed with trans fat intake and GHTN (p-trend = 0.12). Intakes of major types of fat were unrelated to GHTN. Conclusions: Greater intake of trans fats before pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia, but not GHTN. However, the extent to which these findings are generalizable to current intake levels in the general US population remains to be determined. Intakes of all other major fat types were unrelated to the risk of HDP. Funding Sources: Supported by National Institutes of Health grants UM1-CA176726, P30-DK046200, R00ES026648, U54-CA155626, and T32-DK007703–16.