Benefits of bacteria-derived exopolysaccharides on gastrointestinal microbiota, immunity and health. (January 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Oerlemans, Marjolein M.P.; Akkerman, Renate; Ferrari, Michela; Walvoort, Marthe T.C.; de Vos, Paul
• Is Part Of: Journal of functional foods. Volume 76(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-01
• Subjects: Exopolysaccharides -- Bifidobacteria -- Immunomodulation -- Gastrointestinal health -- Food supplement; GIT gastrointestinal tract -- EPS exopolysaccharides -- IBS irritable bowel syndrome -- IBD inflammatory bowel disease -- SCFAs short-chain fatty acids -- UC ulcerative colitis -- HoPS homopolysaccharides -- HePS heteropolysaccharides -- GlcNAc N-acetyl-glucosamine -- GalNAc N-acetyl-galactosamine -- GH glycosyl hydrolase -- GT glucosyltransferase -- TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy -- TEER trans-epithelial electrical resistance -- PRRs pattern-recognition receptors -- TLRs Toll-like receptors -- CLRs C-type lectin receptors -- NODs nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors -- PAMPs pathogen-associated molecular patterns -- PSA Polysaccharide A -- FMDV food-and-mouth disease vaccine -- PP Peyer's patch -- GRAS generally regarded as safe; Functional foods -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104289
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-4646

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: EPS decreases bacterial adhesion to the intestinal epithelium. EPS influences the epithelial barrier integrity in a structure dependent manner. EPS interacts with the host immune system via TLRs and CLRs. EPS protect commensal, beneficial bacteria against immune responses. Abstract: The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is colonized by a broad spectrum of microorganism, of which bacteria are especially recognized for the health effects they exert. However insight in the effector molecules on the bacteria responsible are still largely lacking. Recently, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS), which are glycan structures on the bacterial cell wall, have gained considerable attention for their effects on human health. EPS are found to act as polymers that directly influence bacterial interactions with their host, such as bacterial adhesion to the GIT epithelium, their influence on immune responses, and the intestinal microbiota. These effects are highly dependent on the type of EPS structures and might be related to specific monosaccharides or linkages in EPS. Here, current knowledge on structure-specific EPS functions is reviewed in view of possible use of EPS to stimulate intestinal health and the formulation of dietary EPS mixtures or the possible creation of new EPS structures.