Submacular Hemorrhage: Visual Outcomes and Prognostic Factors. Issue 2 (March 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kunavisarut, Paradee; Thithuan, Tipparut; Patikulsila, Direk; Choovuthayakorn, Janejit; Watanachai, Nawat; Chaikitmongkol, Voraporn; Pathanapitoon, Kessara; Rothova, Aniki
• Is Part Of: Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology. Volume 7:Issue 2(2018)
• Publication Date: 2018-03
• Subjects: submacular hemorrhage -- polypoidal choriodal vasculopathy -- neovascular age‐related macular degeneration -- indocyanine green angiography -- visual outcomes; Ophthalmology -- Periodicals; Eye -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 617.7005
• DOI: 10.22608/APO.2017389
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0129-1653

Abstract

Abstract : Purpose: : To describe causes, visual outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with submacular hemorrhage (SMH). Design: : Retrospective case review. Methods: : We performed a retrospective review of SMH with a size of at least 1 disc diameter. SMH causes were classified into 3 groups: 1) neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD), 2) polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and 3) other miscellaneous causes. Results: : Ninety‐eight eyes of 98 patients were included. Based on clinical presentation and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), the diagnoses of PCV (59%), nAMD (31%), and miscellaneous other causes (10%) were made. PCV patients were younger ( P = 0.005) and had larger SMH size than nAMD patients ( P = 0.008). Poor visual outcome [>1.0 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR)] at 6 months was associated with low initial visual acuity (VA; >1.0 logMAR; P = 0.002) and with the diagnosis of nAMD ( P = 0.02). In addition, limited visual outcomes were noted for patients older than 65 years and those with persistent SMH for at least 2 months. Conclusions: : PCV was the most common cause of SMH in Thailand. ICGA represented a valuable tool for the diagnosis. Visual outcomes were limited for patients with nAMD and for patients who presented with poor initial VA.