Predictors of nicotine dependence among adolescent waterpipe and cigarette smokers: A 6-year longitudinal analysis. (1st December 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ebrahimi Kalan, Mohammad Ebi; Bahelah, Raed; Bursac, Zoran; Ben Taleb, Ziyad; DiFranza, Joseph R.; Tleis, Malak; Nakkash, Rima; Jebai, Rime; Alam, Mohammad Masudul; Cano, Miguel Ángel; Sutherland, Matthew T.; Fenni, Kristopher; Asfar, Taghrid; Eissenberg, Thomas; Ward, Kenneth D; Maziak, Wasim
• Is Part Of: Drug and alcohol dependence. Volume 217(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-12-01
• Subjects: Nicotine dependence -- Waterpipe smoking -- Cigarette smoking -- Adolescent; Drug abuse -- Periodicals; Alcoholism -- Periodicals; 616.86
• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108346
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0376-8716

Abstract

Highlights: No study have documented the predictors of ND among adolescent WP and cigarette smokers. There were some commonalities and differences in predictors of ND milestones between WP and cigarette smokers. Commonalities were the age of initiation and sibling tobacco use. Differences were the role of physical activity and body mass index (BMI). Smoking cessation interventions targeting youth should address modifiable and tobacco use-specific factors. Abstract: Objective: Identifying the factors associated with nicotine dependence (ND) is essential to prevent initiation and continued use, and to promote cessation among youth. This study aims to document the predictors of the appearance of initial ND symptoms and full ND syndrome among adolescent waterpipe (WP) and cigarette smokers. Methods: A 6-year longitudinal study was conducted among 8th and 9th graders from 38 schools in Lebanon. The analysis sample included exclusive-WP (n = 228) and exclusive-cigarette smokers (n = 139). Weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to characterizing predictors of initial ND symptoms and full ND syndrome. Results: Predictors of experiencing initial ND symptoms among WP smokers included low maternal educational level, having a sibling who smoked WP, low physical activity, high body mass index (BMI), smoking initiation at a younger age. For cigarette smokers these were being male, younger, having lower BMI, having a sibling who smoked cigarettes, living in a crowded household, and smoking daily. Among WP smokers, predictors of developing full ND syndrome include being younger, believing that WP smokers have more friends, depression, high levels of impulsivity, and initiating smoking at a younger age. For cigarette smokers, predictors of full ND syndrome were being younger and initiating smoking at a younger age. Conclusion: Smoking cessation and prevention interventions targeting youth should address modifiable, and tobacco use-specific factors that influence the development of ND among young WP and cigarette smokers. They also need to start at a younger age to target those most vulnerable to developing life-long addiction to tobacco products.