Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes. (23rd June 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes. (23rd June 2020)
- Main Title:
- Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes
- Authors:
- Tovar, Carolina
Melcher, Inga
Kusumoto, Buntarou
Cuesta, Francisco
Cleef, Antoine
Meneses, Rosa Isela
Halloy, Stephan
Llambí, Luis Daniel
Beck, Stephan
Muriel, Priscilla
Jaramillo, Ricardo
Jácome, Jorge
Carilla, Julieta - Editors:
- Dalling, James
- Abstract:
- Abstract: Dispersal is a key ecological process that influences plant community assembly. Therefore, understanding whether dispersal strategies are associated with climate is of utmost importance, particularly in areas greatly exposed to climate change. We examined alpine plant communities located in the mountain summits of the tropical Andes across a 4, 000‐km latitudinal gradient. We investigated species dispersal strategies and tested their association with climatic conditions and their evolutionary history. We used dispersal‐related traits (dispersal mode and growth form) to characterize dispersal strategies for 486 species recorded on 49 mountain summits. Then we analysed the phylogenetic signal of traits and investigated the association between dispersal traits, phylogeny, climate and space using structural equation modelling and fourth‐corner analysis together with RLQ ordination. A median of 36% species in the communities was anemochorous (wind‐dispersed) and herbaceous. This dispersal strategy was followed by the barochory‐herb combination (herbaceous with unspecialized seeds, dispersed by gravity) with a median of 26.3% species in the communities. The latter strategy was common among species with distributions restricted to alpine environments. While trait states were phylogenetically conserved, they were significantly associated with a temperature gradient. Low minimum air temperatures, found at higher latitudes/elevations, were correlated with the prevalence ofAbstract: Dispersal is a key ecological process that influences plant community assembly. Therefore, understanding whether dispersal strategies are associated with climate is of utmost importance, particularly in areas greatly exposed to climate change. We examined alpine plant communities located in the mountain summits of the tropical Andes across a 4, 000‐km latitudinal gradient. We investigated species dispersal strategies and tested their association with climatic conditions and their evolutionary history. We used dispersal‐related traits (dispersal mode and growth form) to characterize dispersal strategies for 486 species recorded on 49 mountain summits. Then we analysed the phylogenetic signal of traits and investigated the association between dispersal traits, phylogeny, climate and space using structural equation modelling and fourth‐corner analysis together with RLQ ordination. A median of 36% species in the communities was anemochorous (wind‐dispersed) and herbaceous. This dispersal strategy was followed by the barochory‐herb combination (herbaceous with unspecialized seeds, dispersed by gravity) with a median of 26.3% species in the communities. The latter strategy was common among species with distributions restricted to alpine environments. While trait states were phylogenetically conserved, they were significantly associated with a temperature gradient. Low minimum air temperatures, found at higher latitudes/elevations, were correlated with the prevalence of barochory and the herb growth form, traits that are common among Caryophyllales, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. Milder temperatures, found at lower latitudes/elevations, were associated with endozoochorous, shrub species mostly from the Ericaceae family. Anemochorous species were found all along the temperature gradient, possibly due to the success of anemochorous Compositae species in alpine regions. We also found that trait state dominance was more associated with the climatic conditions of the summit than with community phylogenetic structure. Although the evolutionary history of the tropical Andean flora has also shaped dispersal strategies, our results suggest that the environment had a more predominant role. Synthesis . We showed that dispersal‐related traits are strongly associated with a gradient of minimum air temperatures in the Andes. Global warming may weaken this key filter at tropical alpine summits, potentially altering community dispersal strategies in this region and thus, plant community structure and composition. Abstract : We showed that plant dispersal traits are strongly associated with a gradient of minimum air temperatures in alpine communities of the tropical Andes. We also showed that the evolutionary history of the Andean flora has shaped dispersal strategies, but the environment is a stronger filter of these strategies. Global warming may weaken this key filter, potentially altering community structure in this region. Resumen: La dispersión es un proceso ecológico clave que contribuye a estructurar comunidades vegetales. Por lo tanto, es de suma importancia que entendamos la relación entre las estrategias de dispersión de las plantas y las condiciones climáticas en áreas altamente expuestas al cambio climático. Este trabajo se enfoca en las comunidades de los Andes tropicales localizadas en cumbres de montañas a lo largo de un gradiente latitudinal de 4, 000 km. Se investigaron las estrategias de dispersión de las especies y se evaluó si estas estrategias estaban asociadas a condiciones climáticas y/o la historia evolutiva de la flora. Se usaron dos rasgos funcionales (modo de dispersión y forma de crecimiento) para caracterizar las estrategias de dispersión de 486 especies registradas en 49 comunidades (cumbres). Seguidamente se analizó la señal filogenética de los rasgos funcionales. Finalmente se investigó la asociación entre rasgos, filogenia, clima y localización geográfica usando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales y el análisis de "las cuatro esquinas" junto con una ordenación RLQ. Una mediana del 36% de las especies en las comunidades son hierbas anemócoras (dispersadas por viento), siendo esta la estrategia de dispersión dominante. La segunda estrategia más común fue la combinación barocoría y hierba (hierbas con diásporas sin adaptaciones que se dispersan por gravedad), presente en una mediana del 26.3% de las especies en las comunidades. Esta última estrategia resultó común entre especies con distribución restringida a los altos Andes. Los rasgos funcionales presentan conservación filogenética y a la vez, están asociados significativamente con un gradiente de temperatura. Valores muy bajos de temperatura mínima del aire, que son típicos en cimas muy altas o aquellas localizadas lejos del ecuador, estuvieron correlacionados con la presencia de especies barócoras herbáceas, caracteres comunes entre las Caryophyllales, Brassicaceae y Poaceae. Temperaturas mínimas menos extremas, típicas de cimas más bajas o cercanas al ecuador, fueron asociadas con especies endozoócoras arbustivas, comunes en la familia Ericaceae. Las especies anemócoras fueron encontradas a lo largo del gradiente de temperatura, posiblemente debido al éxito de la familia Compositae (cuyas especies se dispersan mayoritariamente por viento) en toda la región alpina. La dominancia de las diferentes categorías de cada rasgo funcional estuvo más asociada con las condiciones ambientales de las cimas que con la estructura filogenética de las comunidades. A pesar de que la historia evolutiva de la flora andina ha influenciado las estrategias de dispersión, los resultados sugieren que las condiciones ambientales tienen un rol más predominante. Síntesis . Nuestro estudio muestra que los rasgos funcionales relacionados con la dispersión están fuertemente asociados con el gradiente de temperaturas mínimas en los Andes tropicales. Posiblemente, el calentamiento global debilitará este filtro ambiental, clave en cimas de montañas, afectando potencialmente las estrategias de dispersión en las comunidades de esta región, y por ende, su estructura y composición. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of ecology. Volume 108:Number 5(2020:Sep.)
- Journal:
- Journal of ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 108:Number 5(2020:Sep.)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 108, Issue 5 (2020)
- Year:
- 2020
- Volume:
- 108
- Issue:
- 5
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2020-0108-0005-0000
- Page Start:
- 1910
- Page End:
- 1922
- Publication Date:
- 2020-06-23
- Subjects:
- alpine environments -- dispersal traits -- environmental filtering -- fourth corner -- paramo -- plant community -- puna -- RLQ analysis
Plant ecology -- Periodicals
577.05 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2745 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2745.13416 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0022-0477
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4972.000000
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 15173.xml