Reduced brain fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling is involved in the impaired cognition of streptozotocin-treated mice. (December 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kawamura, Namiko; Katsuura, Goro; Yamada-Goto, Nobuko; Novianti, Ela; Inui, Akio; Asakawa, Akihiro
• Is Part Of: IBRO reports. Volume 9(2020)
• Page Start: 233
• Page End: 240
• Publication Date: 2020-12
• Subjects: Diabetes -- Streptozotocin -- Fractalkine -- CX3CR1 -- Memory -- Mice; AMPA α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid -- CNS central nervous system -- CX3CR1 CX3C chemokine receptor 1 -- DEX dexamethasone -- DM diabetes mellitus -- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide -- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid -- GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase -- IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1 -- LTP long-term potentiation -- NMDA N-methyl-d-aspartate -- PPP picropodophyllin -- STZ streptozotocin; Nervous system -- Periodicals; Brain -- Periodicals; Brain -- Research -- Periodicals; Nervous system; Brain -- Research; Brain; Neurology; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Fulltext; Internet Resources; Periodicals; Periodical
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.09.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2451-8301

Abstract

Highlights: STZ induces cognitive deficits and a decrease in hippocampal fractalkine and CX3CR1. Injection of the CX3CR1 antagonist induces cognitive deficits. STZ induces an increase in corticosterone and a decrease in IGF-1. DEX significantly decreases expression of fractalkine and CX3CR1. IGF-1 significantly increases expression of fractalkine and CX3CR1. Abstract: Patients with diabetes mellitus are predisposed to cognitive impairment. Fractalkine-CX3CR1 in the brain signaling represents a primary neuron-microglia inter-regulatory system for several brain functions including learning and memory processes. The present study addressed whether fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling in the hippocampus contributes to the cognitive deficits observed in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice. Our results showed that STZ-treated mice exhibited significant cognitive deficits in the Y-maze test, and a decrease in fractalkine and CX3CR1 levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection of the CX3CR1 antagonist 18a in normal mice induced significant cognitive deficits in the Y-maze test. STZ-treated mice showed a significant increase in plasma corticosterone levels and a decrease in plasma and hippocampal levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Therefore, we examined the effects of corticosterone and IGF-1 on regulation of fractalkine and CX3CR1 expression. Dexamethasone (DEX) application significantly decreased the mRNA expression of fractalkine in primary neuron and astrocyte cultures, and of CX3CR1 in primary microglia cultures. On the other hand, IGF-1 application significantly increased the mRNA expression of fractalkine in primary neuron cultures and CX3CR1 in primary microglia cultures. In addition, administration of DEX and the IGF-1 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor picropodophyllin significantly reduced the mRNA expression of fractalkine and CX3CR1 in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that impaired cognition in STZ-treated mice is associated with reduced fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling in the hippocampus which may be induced by an increase in corticosterone and a decrease in IGF-1.