Extract of pre-germinated brown rice protects against cardiovascular dysfunction by reducing levels of inflammation and free radicals in a rat model of type II diabetes. (December 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Liang, Hsin-Li; Cheng, Pei-Wen; Lin, Hui-Li; Hao, Chi-Long; Ke, Liang-Yin; Chou, Huei-Yin; Tseng, Yu-Hsiu; Yen, Hsueh-Wei; Shen, Kuo-Ping
• Is Part Of: Journal of functional foods. Volume 75(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-12
• Subjects: Metabolic syndrome -- Cardiovascular complications -- Extract of pre-germinated brown rice -- SHR -- T2DM; AGTR1/2 angiotensin II receptor types 1 and 2 -- AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase -- ANP atrial natriuretic peptide -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- CTGF connective tissue growth factor -- DPPH 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl -- eNOS and p-eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase and its phosphorylated form -- EP extract of pre-germinated brown rice -- ETAR/ETBR endothelin receptor A and B -- FAS fatty acid synthase -- FBG fasting blood glucose -- G6Pase glucose-6-phosphatase -- GCK glucokinase -- GLUT2/4 glucose transporters 2 and 4 -- GOT glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase -- GPT glutamic pyruvic transaminase -- GPx glutathione peroxidase -- GSK glycogen synthase kinase -- HbA1c glycated haemoglobin -- HFD high fat diet -- HXK hexokinase -- IKKα IκB kinase-α -- IL-6 interleukin-6 -- iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase -- IR insulin receptor -- IRS-1 insulin receptor substrate-1 -- MEK5 and p-MEK5 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 and its phosphorylated form -- MMP9 matrix metalloproteinase-9 -- TGF-β transforming growth factor-β -- NA nicotinamide -- NF-κB and p-NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and its phosphorylated form -- NO nitric oxide -- OGTT oral glucose tolerance test -- PEPCK phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase -- PGBR pre-germinated brown rice -- PI3K phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase -- PK pyruvate kinase -- PPAR-γ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- SHR spontaneously hypertensive rats -- SOD superoxide dismutase -- SREBP-1 sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 -- STZ streptozotocin -- T2DM Type II diabetes mellitus -- TLR4 toll-like receptor 4 -- TNF-α tumour necrosis factor-α; Functional foods -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104218
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-4646

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: An extract of PGBR (EP) has high levels of γ-oryzanol, flavonoids, and anthocyanidin. It can improve insulin activity, glycolysis, glycogenesis, lipid synthesis, and lipid absorption. This study is the first to report that EP protects against cardiovascular complications associated with T2DM. Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of extract of pre-germinated brown rice (EP) on metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction in a rat model of T2DM. Hypertensive rats were divided into: (1) normal diet (ND group), (2) induced T2DM (DM group), and T2DM rats that were treated with (3) EP30 mg/kg (EP30 group) or (4) EP300 mg/kg (EP300 group) per day for 4 weeks. T2DM symptoms included: weight loss, hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinemia, hyperlipidaemia, higher HbA1c, glucose in urine, and lower GLP-1. EP treatment improved metabolic parameters, activated insulin signalling, and increased lipid metabolism, and also ameliorated T2DM-associated increases in levels of inflammation, free radicals, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. EP reduced T2DM and related cardiovascular complications by increasing insulin signalling and lipid metabolism, and reducing levels of inflammation and free radicals. Thus, EP may be a potential candidate for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular complications.