Agricultural land in the Amazon basin supports low bird diversity and is a poor replacement for primary forest. (6th April 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Neate-Clegg, Montague H C; Şekercioğlu, Çağan H
• Is Part Of: Condor. Volume 122:Number 3(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-04-06
• Subjects: agricultural matrix -- community ecology -- fragmentation -- land-use change -- oil palm -- subsistence agriculture -- tropical countryside; agricultura de subsistencia -- cambio de uso del suelo -- ecología de comunidades -- fragmentación -- matriz agrícola -- palma aceitera -- ruralidad tropical; Birds -- Periodicals; Birds -- California -- Periodicals; Ornithology -- Periodicals; Oiseaux -- Périodiques; Oiseaux -- Pacifique, Côte du -- Périodiques; Birds; Ornithology; California; Periodicals; 598
• DOI: 10.1093/condor/duaa020
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0010-5422

Abstract

Abstract: The Amazon has a long history of disturbance under subsistence agriculture, but slash-and-burn agriculture is small in scale and has relatively low impact on resident avifauna. More recently, the Amazon has suffered extensive deforestation in favor of cattle ranching and other modern systems of agriculture. Cattle pastures, mechanized agriculture, and even tree plantations have detrimental effects on bird communities, greatly lowering diversity, especially that of primary forest interior specialists. A rising threat to the Amazon is the spread of oil palm plantations that retain few bird species and are not viable alternatives to forest. Embedded within the expanding agropastoral mosaic are forest fragments that have experienced a well-documented loss of diversity. Yet, the matrix can mitigate the recovery of fragmented bird communities depending on the type of secondary regrowth. Connectivity via matrix habitats or forest corridors is critical for the maintenance of forest avifauna. With so many types of land use developing across the Amazon, the "tropical countryside" has potential value for bird diversity. However, evidence suggests that the agropastoral mosaic harbors a small, more homogenized avifauna with few forest species, especially when primary forest is absent from the landscape. For the Amazon Basin's bird life to be conserved into the future, preservation of large tracts of well-connected primary forest is vital. Tropical countryside dominated by agriculture simply cannot sustain sufficient levels of biodiversity.