Recycling of lead from lead acid battery to form composite material as an anode for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell. (June 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Iqbal, Muhammad; Muneer, Majid; Raza, Rizwan; Saleem, Muhammad; Hussain, Shabbir; Rehman, Zohaib Ur; Abbas, Fakhar; Ali, Shahid; Javed, Muhammad Abdullah; Hussain, Mazhar
• Is Part Of: Materials today energy. Volume 16(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-06
• Subjects: Waste materials -- High performance -- Lower activation energy -- Ceramic -- Thermally stable; Energy development -- Periodicals; Energy industries -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Energy policy -- Periodicals; Energy development; Energy industries; Energy policy; Power resources; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mtener.2020.100418
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2468-6069

Abstract

Abstract: The recycling of waste material has been considered an attractive source for energy production. It is much better to reuse waste batteries than dumping them into landfills. Some advantages that recycling offers include the reduction of pollution load and conservation of natural resources. In the current studies, waste lead acid batteries were used for the production of composite materials i.e., Pb0.1 Cu0.4 Zn0.5 O3-δ, Pb0.2 Cu0.3 Zn0.5 O3-δ and Pb0.3 Cu0.2 Zn0.5 O3-δ . Recycling of lead acid battery was a difficult job to develop the cost-effective anode material for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell. The structural and morphological properties were examined by XRD and SEM. Thermal stability was analyzed by TGA. The nature of metal oxide bonding in ceramic composites was investigated by FTIR spectra. Electrochemical investigations were carried out using DC four probes and fuel cell testing unit. Average crystalline size was found to be in the range 45–69 nm. SEM images show the porosity of material which is favorable for the diffusion of gases. Maximum conductivities 5.1S/cm, 4.2S/cm and 2.54S/cm have been achieved for Pb0.3 Cu0.2 Zn0.5 O3-δ, Pb0.2 Cu0.3 Zn0.5 O3-δ and Pb0.1 Cu0.4 Zn0.5 O3-δ, respectively. Maximum power density (755 mW/cm 2 ) and high OCV 1.06 V has been obtained using hydrogen as a fuel at 600 °C. Lower activation energy (0.35ev) confirms that Pb0.3 Cu0.2 Zn0.5 O3-δ is the best candidate for electrochemical conversion of hydrogen fuel into useful electricity. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: The recycling of waste material is an attractive source. Lead acid batteries were used for the recycling of materials. Lead and copper based composite electrode having significant properties. Best fuel cell performance and conductivity using recycled material.