RELICS: spectroscopy of gravitationally lensed z ≃ 2 reionization-era analogues and implications for C iii] detections at z > 6. Issue 1 (20th March 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mainali, Ramesh; Stark, Daniel P; Tang, Mengtao; Chevallard, Jacopo; Charlot, Stéphane; Sharon, Keren; Coe, Dan; Salmon, Brett; Bradley, Larry D; Johnson, Traci L; Frye, Brenda; Avila, Roberto J; Ogaz, Sara; Zitrin, Adi; Bradač, Maruša; Lemaux, Brian C; Mahler, Guillaume; Paterno-Mahler, Rachel; Strait, Victoria; Andrade-Santos, Felipe
• Is Part Of: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Volume 494:Issue 1(2020)
• Page Start: 719
• Page End: 735
• Publication Date: 2020-03-20
• Subjects: galaxies: evolution -- galaxies: high-redshift -- galaxies: abundances -- galaxies: formation -- galaxies: ISM -- galaxies: dwarf; Astronomy -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 520.5
• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa751
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0035-8711

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Recent observations have revealed the presence of strong C iii ] emission (EW$_{\rm {C\, {\small III}]}}\gt 20$ Å) in z > 6 galaxies, the origin of which remains unclear. In an effort to understand the nature of these line emitters, we have initiated a survey targeting C iii ] emission in gravitationally lensed reionization-era analogues identified in Hubble Space Telescope imaging of clusters from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey. Here, we report initial results on four galaxies selected to have low stellar masses (2–8 × 10 7 M⊙ ) and J 125 -band flux excesses indicative of intense [O iii ] + H β emission (EW$_{\rm {[O\, {\small III}]+H\, \beta }}$ = 500–2000 Å), similar to what has been observed at z > 6. We detect C iii ] emission in three of the four sources, with the C iii ] EW reaching values seen in the reionization era (EW$_{\rm {C\, {\small III}]}}\simeq 17\!-\!22$ Å) in the two sources with the strongest optical line emission (EW$_{\rm {[O\, {\small III}]+H\, \beta }}\simeq 2000$ Å). We have obtained a Magellan/FIRE (Folded-port InfraRed Echellette) near-infrared spectrum of the strongest C iii ] emitter in our sample, revealing gas that is both metal poor and highly ionized. Using photoionization models, we are able to simultaneously reproduce the intense C iii ] and optical line emission for extremely young (2–3 Myr) and metal-poor (0.06–0.08 Z⊙ ) stellar populations, as would be expected after a substantial upturn in the star formation rate of a low-mass galaxy. The sources in this survey are among the first for which C iii ] has been used as the primary means of redshift confirmation. We suggest that it should be possible to extend this approach to z > 6 with current facilities, using C iii ] to measure redshifts of objects with IRAC excesses indicating EW$_{\rm {[O\, {\small III}]+H\, \beta }}\simeq 2000$ Å, providing a method of spectroscopic confirmation independent of Ly α.