Fibulin 5, a human Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells‐secreted paracrine factor, attenuates peripheral nervous system myelination defects through the Integrin‐RAC1 signaling axis. (27th October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Won, So Yeon; Kwon, Soojin; Jeong, Hui Su; Chung, Ki Wha; Choi, Byung‐Ok; Chang, Jong Wook; Lee, Ji Eun
• Is Part Of: Stem cells. Volume 38:Number 12(2020)
• Page Start: 1578
• Page End: 1593
• Publication Date: 2020-10-27
• Subjects: actin remodeling -- Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease -- Fibulin 5 -- mesenchymal stem cell -- Schwann cell myelination; Cloning -- Periodicals; Clone cells -- Periodicals; Stem cells -- Periodicals; Cell Differentiation -- Periodicals; Cell Division -- Periodicals; Clone Cells -- Periodicals; Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- Periodicals; Stem Cells -- Periodicals; 571.84
• DOI: 10.1002/stem.3287
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1066-5099

Abstract

Abstract: In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), proper development of Schwann cells (SCs) contributing to axonal myelination is critical for neuronal function. Impairments of SCs or neuronal axons give rise to several myelin‐related disorders, including dysmyelinating and demyelinating diseases. Pathological mechanisms, however, have been understood at the elementary level and targeted therapeutics has remained undeveloped. Here, we identify Fibulin 5 (FBLN5), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, as a key paracrine factor of human Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ‐MSCs) to control the development of SCs. We show that co‐culture with WJ‐MSCs or treatment of recombinant FBLN5 promotes the proliferation of SCs through ERK activation, whereas FBLN5 ‐depleted WJ‐MSCs do not. We further reveal that during myelination of SCs, FBLN5 binds to Integrin and modulates actin remodeling, such as the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia, through RAC1 activity. Finally, we show that FBLN5 effectively restores the myelination defects of SCs in the zebrafish model of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) type 1, a representative demyelinating disease. Overall, our data propose human WJ‐MSCs or FBLN5 protein as a potential treatment for myelin‐related diseases, including CMT. Abstract : The common pathological symptom of dysmyelinating and demyelinating diseases is uncompact myelin ensheathments of the axons. Our findings suggest that FBLN5 binds to the Integrin receptors and promotes actin remodeling through RAC1 activation in the Schwann cells. Then, the Schwann cells are recovered by an activated actin remodeling mechanism and induce the compact myelination of the diseased axons.