Uncovering the secreted signals and transcription factors regulating the development of mammalian middle ear ossicles. Issue 12 (28th October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ankamreddy, Harinarayana; Bok, Jinwoong; Groves, Andrew K.
• Is Part Of: Developmental dynamics. Volume 249:Issue 12(2020)
• Page Start: 1410
• Page End: 1424
• Publication Date: 2020-10-28
• Subjects: columella -- growth factors -- incus -- malleus -- middle ear -- neural crest cells -- ossicle -- stapes -- transcription factors; Morphogenesis -- Periodicals; Anatomy -- Periodicals; Anatomie -- Périodiques; Biologie du développement -- Périodiques; 571.833
• DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.260
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1058-8388

Abstract

Abstract: The mammalian middle ear comprises a chain of ossicles, the malleus, incus, and stapes that act as an impedance matching device during the transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. These ossicles are derived from cranial neural crest cells that undergo endochondral ossification and subsequently differentiate into their final functional forms. Defects that occur during middle ear development can result in conductive hearing loss. In this review, we summarize studies describing the crucial roles played by signaling molecules such as sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factors, notch ligands, and chemokines during the differentiation of neural crest into the middle ear ossicles. In addition to these cell‐extrinsic signals, we also discuss studies on the function of transcription factor genes such as Foxi3, Tbx1, Bapx1, Pou3f4, and Gsc in regulating the development and morphology of the middle ear ossicles. Key Findings: This review focuses on the cellular signals and transcriptional effectors that regulate middle ear ossicle formation.