Neuroradiological Findings in the Spinocerebellar Ataxias. (26th September 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Meira, Alex Tiburtino; Arruda, Walter Oleschko; Ono, Sergio Eiji; Neto, Arnolfo de Carvalho; Raskin, Salmo; Camargo, Carlos Henrique F.; Teive, Hélio Afonso G.
• Is Part Of: Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements. Volume 9(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-09-26
• Subjects: Spinocerebellar ataxia -- brain imaging -- magnetic resonance imaging -- ataxia -- gait ataxia -- cerebellar diseases; Tremor -- Periodicals; Hyperkinesia -- Periodicals; 616.8
• DOI: 10.7916/tohm.v0.682
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2160-8288

Abstract

Background: The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of autosomal dominant degenerative diseases characterized by cerebellar ataxia. Classified according to gene discovery, specific features of the SCAs – clinical, laboratorial, and neuroradiological (NR) – can facilitate establishing the diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to review the particular NR abnormalities in the main SCAs. Methods: We conducted a literature search on this topic. Results: The main NR characteristics of brain imaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography) in SCAs were: (1) pure cerebellar atrophy; (2) cerebellar atrophy with other findings (e.g., pontine, olivopontocerebellar, spinal, cortical, or subcortical atrophy; "hot cross bun sign", and demyelinating lesions); (3) selective cerebellar atrophy; (4) no cerebellar atrophy. Discussion: The main NR abnormalities in the commonest SCAs, are not pathognomonic of any specific genotype, but can be helpful in limiting the diagnostic options. We are progressing to a better understanding of the SCAs, not only genetically, but also pathologically; NR is helpful in the challenge of diagnosing the specific genotype of SCA.