Hepatitis A antibody persistence 8 and 10 years after 1-dose and 2-dose vaccination in children from Panama. Issue 1 (3rd January 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Juliao, Patricia; Abadia, Ivonne; Welby, Sarah; Wéry, Stéphanie; Wong, Digna; De Léon, Tirza; DeAntonio, Rodrigo; Naranjo, Laura; Guignard, Adrienne; Marano, Cinzia
• Is Part Of: Vaccine. Volume 39:Issue 1(2021)
• Page Start: 26
• Page End: 34
• Publication Date: 2021-01-03
• Subjects: Antibody persistence -- Havrix -- Hepatitis A -- Panama -- Seroprevalence -- Vaccination; CI Confidence interval -- GMC Geometric mean concentration -- HAV Hepatitis A virus -- HepA Hepatitis A -- IU International Units -- NIP National immunization program; Vaccines -- Periodicals; 615.372
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.030
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0264-410X

Abstract

Highlights: We evaluated antibody persistence in children vaccinated with 1 or 2 doses of Havrix. Seropositivity rates 8 years post-vaccination were 74.3% (1 dose) and 97.7% (2 doses) Seropositivity rates 10 years post-vaccination were 71.9% (1 dose) and 96.3% (2 doses) Abstract: Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) remains a global public health concern, which is potentially growing in Latin America, due to an expected shift from high to intermediate endemicity levels. The use of HAV vaccines in pediatric national immunization programs (NIPs), either as a 2-dose or a 1-dose schedule, has been explored in Latin American countries; however, evidence demonstrating long-term protection in this population is limited in the region. We evaluated long-term antibody persistence following a 1-dose partial series and the recommended 2-dose schedule used in Panama's pediatric NIP. Methods: Two independent cross-sectional serological surveys were conducted at year 8 (Y8) and Y10 following vaccination under the NIP with 1 or 2 doses of an inactivated HAV vaccine ( Havrix, GSK). Seropositivity (anti-HAV antibody concentration ≥ 15 mIU/mL) rates and antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were assessed at each serosurvey. Non-inferiority of 1 dose versus 2 doses was also explored. Results: This study (NCT02712359) included 600 and 599 children at Y8 and Y10 post-vaccination, respectively. Seropositivity rates were 74.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69.0; 79.2) and 97.7% (95% CI: 95.3; 99.1) at Y8 and 71.9% (95% CI: 66.4; 76.9) and 96.3% (95% CI: 93.5; 98.2) at Y10, in the 1-dose and 2-dose groups, respectively. Antibody GMCs were lower in the 1-dose versus the 2-dose group in both surveys. Non-inferiority was not demonstrated since the lower limit of the 2-sided 95% CI for the between-group difference in seropositivity rates (1-dose minus 2-dose) was < −10%. Conclusion: Anti-HAV antibody persistence was observed in lower percentages of children receiving 1 dose versus 2 doses of Havrix, at 8 and 10 years post-vaccination in Panama. Further investigations are needed to confirm antibody persistence and conclude on the protection afforded beyond 10 years in the pediatric population in Latin America.