Therapeutic potential of triterpenoid saponin anemoside B4 from Pulsatilla chinensis. (October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Li, Yan-hong; Zou, Min; Han, Qian; Deng, Li-rong; Weinshilboum, Richard M.
• Is Part Of: Pharmacological research. Volume 160(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-10
• Subjects: BTWT Bai-Tou-Weng-Tang -- TCM traditional Chinese medicine -- P. chinensis Pulsatilla chinensis -- C. phellodendri Cortex phellodendri -- R.coptidis Rhizomacoptidis -- C. fraxini Cortex fraxini -- TSs triterpenoid saponins -- AB4 anemoside B4 -- AA3 anemoside A3 -- 23-HA 23-hydroxybetulinic acid -- PB pulsatilloside B -- UC ulcerative colitis -- AID auto-immune disease -- AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase -- NF-κB nuclear factor-κB -- IκB inhibitor of NF-κB -- STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α -- NO nitric oxide -- IL-6 interleukin-6 -- NLRP3 nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor -- Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma-2 -- Bax Bcl-2 associated X protein -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- SOD superoxide dismutase -- LC3 light chain 3 -- Akt serine/threonine kinase -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin -- IL-1α interleukin-1α -- IFN-γ interferon-γ -- RIMECs rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells -- i.p. intraperitoneal -- i.v. intravenous injection -- i.m. intramuscular -- CKI chronic kidney injury -- PCV porcine circoviruses -- WBC white blood cell -- IC50 half-inhibitory concentration -- HCC hepatocellular carcinoma -- PK pharmacokinetics -- Cmax maximum concentration -- T1/2 half-life -- AUC concentration-time curve -- GB Gouteng-Baitouweng -- LD50 median lethal dose -- L-OHP oxaliplatin -- ALI acute lung injury -- AKI acute kidney injury -- HEK human embryonic kidney -- P-gp P-glycoprotein -- MDR1 multidrug resistance protein 1 -- FST forced swim test -- AMPAR AMPA-type glutamate receptor -- PGE2 prostaglandin E2 -- EP4 prostaglandin E receptor 4 -- EAE experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis -- MS multiple sclerosis -- BA betulinic acid -- MMP mitochondrial membrane potential -- DOX doxorubicin -- CBR1 carbonyl reductase 1; Anemoside B4 (PubChem CID: 71307558) -- Anemoside A3 (PubChem CID: 101778158) -- 23-hydroxybetulinic acid (PubChem CID: 21672692); Pulsatilla chinensis -- Pharmacological effects -- Triterpenoid saponin -- Anemoside B4 -- Anemoside A3 -- 23-hydroxybetulinic acid; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Research -- Periodicals; Médicaments -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Pharmacologie -- Périodiques; 615.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105079
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1043-6618

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: Pulsatilla Decoction (Bai-Tou-Weng-Tang) has been used medically in China for thousands of years for the treatment of diseases caused by bacteria. In recent decades, Pulsatilla Decoction is becoming a well-known formula prescription used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in traditional Chinese medicine. Pulsatilla chinensis is the chief herbal source of Pulsatilla Decoction, and it is rich in triterpenoid saponins, such as anemoside B4, anemoside A3, and 23-hydroxybetulinic acid. Anemoside B4 is the most abundant of that group and has been used as a quality control marker for Pulsatilla chinensis . As the major active component of Pulsatilla chinensis, anemoside B4 has also received attention as a pure compound for its therapeutic potential. In this review, we systematically analyze the findings on triterpenoid saponins, especially anemoside B4, anemoside A3 and 23-hydroxybetulinic acid, included in Pulsatilla chinensis and Pulsatilla Decoction. We discuss the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of these triterpenoid saponins as well as their biological activities. We also summarize the pharmacological effects of anemoside B4 and its two possible metabolites, anemoside A3 and 23-hydroxybetulinic acid, as pure compounds. In summary, this review sketches a profile of the state of existing knowledge with regard to the pharmacological effects of anemoside B4, especially its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. These findings point to the possibility that anemoside B4 has potential to be studied further as a natural compound-originated immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis and thus, may represent one of the most important active components of Pulsatilla Decoction responsible for its anti-ulcerative colitis efficacy.