Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Proteins in Tissue Repair. Issue 12 (December 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Roefs, Marieke T.; Sluijter, Joost P.G.; Vader, Pieter
• Is Part Of: Trends in cell biology. Volume 30:Issue 12(2020)
• Page Start: 990
• Page End: 1013
• Publication Date: 2020-12
• Subjects: extracellular vesicles -- exosomes -- tissue repair -- regeneration -- regenerative medicine -- angiogenesis; Cytology -- Periodicals; Cytology -- Research -- Periodicals; 571.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.009
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0962-8924

Abstract

Abstract : The administration of (stem) cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) promotes tissue repair through management of different inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling processes in the body. Despite the widely observed biological and therapeutic roles of EVs in wound healing and tissue repair, knowledge on how EVs activate recipient cells and which EV cargo is responsible for the subsequent functional effects is limited. Recent studies hint toward an important role for proteins as functional EV cargo. Here, we provide an overview of how EV-associated proteins promote tissue repair processes and discuss current challenges in evaluating their contribution to EV function and future directions for translating fundamental insights into clinically relevant EV therapies. Highlights: EV-associated proteins modulate different stages of endogenous as well as therapeutic tissue repair at multiple cellular levels. Proteins present on EVs activate intracellular pathways in recipient cells involved in tissue repair through direct receptor binding; through their delivery into the cytosol, where they exert their biological effect; or through the capture, delivery, or conversion of bioactive molecules, in turn leading to recipient cell activation. Some EV-associated proteins have specific immune-modulatory, reparative, and remodeling effects in individual tissues, while others exert pleiotropic effects in different tissues.