Previous pregnancy loss has an adverse impact on distress and behaviour in subsequent pregnancy. (6th January 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: McCarthy, FP; Moss‐Morris, R; Khashan, AS; North, RA; Baker, PN; Dekker, G; Poston, L; McCowan, LME; Walker, JJ; Kenny, LC; O'Donoghue, K
• Is Part Of: BJOG. Volume 122:Number 13(2015)
• Page Start: 1757
• Page End: 1764
• Publication Date: 2015-01-06
• Subjects: Anxiety -- behaviour -- depression -- miscarriage -- stress -- termination of pregnancy; Obstetrics -- Periodicals; Gynecology -- Periodicals; 618
• DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13233
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1470-0328

Abstract

Abstract : Objective: To investigate whether women with previous miscarriages or terminations have higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and altered behaviours in a subsequent pregnancy. Design: A retrospective analysis of 5575 women recruited into the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study, a prospective cohort study. Setting: Auckland, New Zealand, Adelaide, Australia, Cork, Ireland, and Manchester, Leeds, and London, UK. Population: Healthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies. Methods: Outcomes were recorded at 15 and 20 weeks of gestation. Main outcome measures: Short‐form State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score, Perceived Stress Scale score, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score, and pregnancy‐related behaviour measured using behavioural responses to pregnancy score. Results: Of the 5465 women included in the final analysis, 559 (10%) had one and 94 (2%) had two previous miscarriages, and 415 (8%) had one and 66 (1%) had two previous terminations of pregnancy. Women with one previous miscarriage had increased anxiety (adjusted mean difference 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.61–3.09), perceived stress (adjusted mean difference 0.76; 95% CI 0.48–1.03), depression (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.26; 95% CI 1.08–1.45), and limiting/resting behaviour in pregnancy (adjusted mean difference 0.80; 95% CI 0.62–0.97). In women with two miscarriages, depression was more common (aOR 1.65; 95% CI 1.01–2.70) and they had higher scores for limiting/resting behaviour in pregnancy (adjusted mean difference 1.70; 95% CI 0.90–2.53) at 15 weeks of gestation. Women with one previous termination displayed elevated perceived stress (adjusted mean difference 0.65; 95% CI 0.08–1.23) and depression (aOR 1.25; 95% 1.08–1.45) at 15 weeks of gestation. Women with two previous terminations displayed increased perceived stress (adjusted mean difference 1.43; 95% CI 0.00–2.87) and depression (aOR 1.67; 95% 1.28–2.18). Conclusions: This study highlights the psychological implications of miscarriage and termination of pregnancy.