Physiological responses to maximal eating in men. Issue 4 (6th April 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hengist, Aaron; Edinburgh, Robert M.; Davies, Russell G.; Walhin, Jean-Philippe; Buniam, Jariya; James, Lewis J.; Rogers, Peter J.; Gonzalez, Javier T.; Betts, James A.
• Is Part Of: British journal of nutrition. Volume 124:Issue 4(2020)
• Page Start: 407
• Page End: 417
• Publication Date: 2020-04-06
• Subjects: Maximal eating, -- Postprandial reponses, -- Metabolism, -- Appetite, -- Insulin, -- TAG, -- Glucose; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 572.4
• DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520001270
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0007-1145

Abstract

Abstract: This study investigated metabolic, endocrine, appetite and mood responses to a maximal eating occasion in fourteen men (mean: age 28 (sd 5) years, body mass 77·2 (sd 6·6) kg and BMI 24·2 (sd 2·2) kg/m 2 ) who completed two trials in a randomised crossover design. On each occasion, participants ate a homogenous mixed-macronutrient meal (pizza). On one occasion, they ate until 'comfortably full' ( ad libitum ) and on the other, until they 'could not eat another bite' (maximal). Mean energy intake was double in the maximal (13 024 (95 % CI 10 964, 15 084) kJ; 3113 (95 % CI 2620, 3605) kcal) compared with the ad libitum trial (6627 (95 % CI 5708, 7547) kJ; 1584 (95 % CI 1364, 1804) kcal). Serum insulin incremental AUC (iAUC) increased approximately 1·5-fold in the maximal compared with ad libitum trial (mean: ad libitum 43·8 (95 % CI 28·3, 59·3) nmol/l × 240 min and maximal 67·7 (95 % CI 47·0, 88·5) nmol/l × 240 min, P < 0·01), but glucose iAUC did not differ between trials ( ad libitum 94·3 (95 % CI 30·3, 158·2) mmol/l × 240 min and maximal 126·5 (95 % CI 76·9, 176·0) mmol/l × 240 min, P = 0·19). TAG iAUC was approximately 1·5-fold greater in the maximal v . ad libitum trial ( ad libitum 98·6 (95 % CI 69·9, 127·2) mmol/l × 240 min and maximal 146·4 (95 % CI 88·6, 204·1) mmol/l × 240 min, P < 0·01). Total glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and peptide tyrosine–tyrosine iAUC were greater in the maximal compared with ad libitum trial ( P < 0·05). Total ghrelin concentrations decreased to a similar extent, but AUC was slightly lower in the maximal v . ad libitum trial ( P = 0·02). There were marked differences on appetite and mood between trials, most notably maximal eating caused a prolonged increase in lethargy. Healthy men have the capacity to eat twice the energy content required to achieve comfortable fullness at a single meal. Postprandial glycaemia is well regulated following initial overeating, with elevated postprandial insulinaemia probably contributing.