Weed control in natural grasslands: A case study using a perennial native forb from the South American Campos. (21st May 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Weed control in natural grasslands: A case study using a perennial native forb from the South American Campos. (21st May 2020)
- Main Title:
- Weed control in natural grasslands: A case study using a perennial native forb from the South American Campos
- Authors:
- Quiñones Dellepiane, Amparo
Lattanzi, Fernando A.
Saldain, Néstor E.
Lezama, Felipe - Abstract:
- Abstract: Management of native weeds in natural grasslands is a challenging task. Often, recommendations are based on short‐term studies of the response of weed cover and density to different control methods. However, perennial species well adapted to disturbances typically recover from commonly used control techniques. In this long‐term study, we focused on a rosette native to the South American Campos : Eryngium horridum Malme (Apiaceae). This plant is strongly avoided by cattle due to its spiny leaves and tends to form dense patches, reducing the available grazing area. We aimed at understanding how key demographic processes, such as size‐related plant survival and seedling establishment, are affected by different control treatments. For this, E. horridum cover, density and size structure were assessed over three years in response to mechanical, chemical and integrated (mechanical + chemical) control methods. In a field experiment, we used a weighted rim and a wiper applicator with 2, 4‐D + picloram for the mechanical and chemical control, respectively. Cover was reduced by control treatments ('control phase'), but this was not sustained in the long term ('recovery phase'). Regardless of the method used, control success was closely related to effects on population size structure. Mortality was high and rapid in large rosettes, which effectively led to a rapid and widespread cover reduction in all control treatments. However, only herbicide reduced rosette density delayingAbstract: Management of native weeds in natural grasslands is a challenging task. Often, recommendations are based on short‐term studies of the response of weed cover and density to different control methods. However, perennial species well adapted to disturbances typically recover from commonly used control techniques. In this long‐term study, we focused on a rosette native to the South American Campos : Eryngium horridum Malme (Apiaceae). This plant is strongly avoided by cattle due to its spiny leaves and tends to form dense patches, reducing the available grazing area. We aimed at understanding how key demographic processes, such as size‐related plant survival and seedling establishment, are affected by different control treatments. For this, E. horridum cover, density and size structure were assessed over three years in response to mechanical, chemical and integrated (mechanical + chemical) control methods. In a field experiment, we used a weighted rim and a wiper applicator with 2, 4‐D + picloram for the mechanical and chemical control, respectively. Cover was reduced by control treatments ('control phase'), but this was not sustained in the long term ('recovery phase'). Regardless of the method used, control success was closely related to effects on population size structure. Mortality was high and rapid in large rosettes, which effectively led to a rapid and widespread cover reduction in all control treatments. However, only herbicide reduced rosette density delaying the recovery phase. Seedling density was low during the experimental period and scarcely affected by treatments. We conclude that cover reduction depends on removing all large rosettes, but recovery is related both to the size of the remaining pool of small rosettes and to the ability of buried rhizomes to resprout. Finally, we highlight the importance of finding a balance between productive goals and biodiversity conservation. In that context, integrated control successfully reduced cover, delayed recovery and minimised the amount of herbicide used. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material. Resumen: El manejo de malezas nativas en pastizales naturales es una tarea compleja. Frecuentemente, las recomendaciones se basan en estudios de corto plazo de la respuesta a diferentes métodos de control en cobertura y densidad de malezas. Sin embargo, las especies perennes muy adaptadas a los disturbios, típicamente se recuperan de las técnicas de control comúnmente utilizadas. En este estudio de largo plazo, nos enfocamos en una roseta nativa de los Campos Sudamericanos: Eryngium horridum Malme (Apiaceae). Esta planta es fuertemente rechazada por el ganado debido a sus hojas espinosas y tiende a formar parches densos, reduciendo el área disponible para el pastoreo. Nuestro objetivo fue comprender como procesos demográficos claves, tales como la sobrevivencia según el tamaño de planta y el establecimiento de plántulas, son afectados por diferentes tratamientos de control. Para ello, la cobertura, densidad y estructura de tamaños de E. horridum fueron evaluadas durante tres años en respuesta a métodos de control mecánico, químico e integrado (mecánico+químico). En un experimento de campo utilizamos una llanta lastrada y una máquina de alfombra con 2, 4‐D+picloram para el control mecánico y químico, respectivamente. La cobertura se redujo en los tratamientos de control ("fase control") pero se regeneró en el largo plazo ("fase de recuperación"). Independientemente del método utilizado, el éxito del control se relacionó estrechamente con los efectos en la estructura de tamaños de la población. La mortalidad fue elevada y rápida en las rosetas grandes, conduciendo a una rápida y generalizada reducción de la cobertura en todos los tratamientos de control. Sin embargo, solamente el herbicida redujo la densidad de rosetas, retrasando la fase de recuperación. La densidad de plántulas fue baja durante todo el experimento y fue poco afectada por los tratamientos. Concluimos que la reducción de la cobertura de E. horridum depende de eliminar todas las rosetas grandes, y la recuperación se relaciona tanto con la cantidad remanente de rosetas pequeñas como con la capacidad de los rizomas para rebrotar. Por último, destacamos la importancia de encontrar un balance entre los objetivos productivos y la conservación de la biodiversidad. En ese sentido, el control integrado redujo exitosamente la cobertura, retrasó la recuperación y minimizó la cantidad de herbicida utilizado. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Austral ecology. Volume 45:Number 7(2020)
- Journal:
- Austral ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 45:Number 7(2020)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 45, Issue 7 (2020)
- Year:
- 2020
- Volume:
- 45
- Issue:
- 7
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2020-0045-0007-0000
- Page Start:
- 909
- Page End:
- 920
- Publication Date:
- 2020-05-21
- Subjects:
- demography -- Río de la Plata grasslands -- undesirable species -- Uruguay
Ecology -- Southern Hemisphere -- Periodicals
Ecology -- Australia -- Periodicals
557 - Journal URLs:
- http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/aec ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/aec.12904 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 1442-9985
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 1793.105000
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 14603.xml