An autonomous strawberry‐harvesting robot: Design, development, integration, and field evaluation. Issue 2 (7th August 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Xiong, Ya; Ge, Yuanyue; Grimstad, Lars; From, Pål J.
• Other Names: Lehnert Chris guestEditor.; McCool Chris guestEditor.; Corke Peter guestEditor.; Sa Inkyu guestEditor.; Stachniss Cyrill guestEditor.; Van Henten Eldert J. guestEditor.; Nieto Juan guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: Journal of field robotics. Volume 37:Issue 2(2020)
• Page Start: 202
• Page End: 224
• Publication Date: 2019-08-07
• Subjects: active obstacle separation -- agricultural robotics -- cable‐driven gripper -- field evaluation -- strawberry‐harvesting robot; Robots, Industrial -- Periodicals; Automatic control -- Periodicals; 629.892
• DOI: 10.1002/rob.21889
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1556-4959

Abstract

Abstract: This paper presents an autonomous robot capable of picking strawberries continuously in polytunnels. Robotic harvesting in cluttered and unstructured environment remains a challenge. A novel obstacle‐separation algorithm was proposed to enable the harvesting system to pick strawberries that are located in clusters. The algorithm uses the gripper to push aside surrounding leaves, strawberries, and other obstacles. We present the theoretical method to generate pushing paths based on the surrounding obstacles. In addition to manipulation, an improved vision system is more resilient to lighting variations, which was developed based on the modeling of color against light intensity. Further, a low‐cost dual‐arm system was developed with an optimized harvesting sequence that increases its efficiency and minimizes the risk of collision. Improvements were also made to the existing gripper to enable the robot to pick directly into a market punnet, thereby eliminating the need for repacking. During tests on a strawberry farm, the robots first‐attempt success rate for picking partially surrounded or isolated strawberries ranged from 50% to 97.1%, depending on the growth situations. Upon an additional attempt, the pick success rate increased to a range of 75–100%. In the field tests, the system was not able to pick a target that was entirely surrounded by obstacles. This failure was attributed to limitations in the vision system as well as insufficient dexterity in the grippers. However, the picking speed improved upon previous systems, taking just 6.1 s for manipulation operation in the one‐arm mode and 4.6 s in the two‐arm mode.