Development and validation of a geometrically personalized finite element model of the lower ligamentous cervical spine for clinical applications. (June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nikkhoo, Mohammad; Cheng, Chih-Hsiu; Wang, Jaw-Lin; Khoz, Zahra; El-Rich, Marwan; Hebela, Nader; Khalaf, Kinda
• Is Part Of: Computers in biology and medicine. Volume 109(2019)
• Page Start: 22
• Page End: 32
• Publication Date: 2019-06
• Subjects: Cervical spine -- Biomechanics -- Personalized modeling -- Finite element analysis -- Disc alteration; Medicine -- Data processing -- Periodicals; Biology -- Data processing -- Periodicals; 610.285
• DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.04.010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0010-4825

Abstract

Abstract: Epidemiological and clinical studies show that the magnitude and scope of cervical disease are on the rise, along with the world's rising aging population. From a biomechanical perspective, the cervical spine presents a wide inter-individual variability, where its motion patterns and load sharing strongly depend on the anatomy. This study aimed to first develop and validate a geometrically patient-specific model of the lower cervical spine for clinical applications, and secondly to use the model to investigate the spinal biomechanics associated with typical cervical disorders. Based on measurements of 30 parameters from X-ray radiographs, the 3D geometry of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs (IVDs) were developed, and detailed finite element models (FEMs) of the lower ligamentous cervical spine for 6 subjects were constructed and simulated. The models were then used for the investigation of different grades of IVD alteration. The multi directional range of motion (ROM) results were in alignment with the in-vitro and in-Silico studies confirming the validity of the model. Severe disc alteration (Grade 3) presented a significant decrease in the ROM and intradiscal pressure (flexion, extension, and axial rotation) on the C5-C6 and slightly increase on the adjacent levels. Maximum stress in Annulus Fibrosus (AF) and facet joint forces increased for Grade 3 for both altered and adjacent levels. The novel validated geometrically-personalized FEM presented in this study potentially offers the clinical community a valuable quantitative tool for the noninvasive analyses of the biomechanical alterations associated with cervical spine disease towards improved surgical planning and enhanced clinical outcomes. Highlights: A detailed geometrically patient-specific finite element model of the lower cervical spine was developed and validated. This study confirms the influence of geometry on the biomechanical response of lower cervical spine. The results showed that severe disc alteration affects the biomechanical response on the altered disc and adjacent levels. This methodology has potential for analyses of cervical spine biomechanics for various clinical applications.