Archaeology, hydrogeology and geomythology in the Stymphalos valley. (October 2017) - Walsh, K.
Abstract: This paper uses the results of recent excavations of the city of Stymphalos and environmental studies on the floor of the Stymphalos polje to examine the role of both the lake and springs in the history of the classical city. Associated with Artemis and famed for Herakles' sixth labour (killing of the Stymphalian birds), the city has a rich (geo)mythology. While this narrative has been associated solely with the lake, it is argued here that this geomythology was part of the city's relationship to environmental unpredictability and the relationship between water supply and water loss. Seen in this context, the construction of the fountain-house above the contemporary lakeshore is symbolic of the importance of springs to the foundation and sustainability of the classical city during both the Greek and Roman Periods. Through these archaeological and environmental analyses, we seek to illustrate the complimentary, but complex nature of archaeological, hydrogeological and palaeoenvironmental data that intersect in the geomythological landscapes of Mediterranean antiquity. Highlights: A study of "geomythology" of the Stymphalos polje examines the relationship of the lake and springs with the classical city. This site is associated with Artemis and famed for Herakles' sixth labour (killing of the Stymphalian birds). The palaeoenvironmental work (lake cores) demonstrates how the lake level and the lake characteristics have varied over time. The geomythology was part of the city's relationship to environmental (hydrological) unpredictability. The construction of the ancient fountain-house above the lakeshore is symbolic of the importance of springs.