[11C]Methionine and [11C]PBR28 as PET Imaging Tracers to Differentiate Metastatic Tumor Recurrence or Radiation Necrosis. (3rd November 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tran, Thuy T.; Gallezot, Jean-Dominique; Jilaveanu, Lucia B.; Zito, Christopher; Turcu, Gabriela; Lim, Keunpoong; Nabulsi, Nabeel; Huang, Henry; Huttner, Anita; Kluger, Harriet M.; Chiang, Veronica L.; Carson, Richard
• Is Part Of: Molecular imaging. Volume 19(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-11-03
• Subjects: brain metastasis -- PET -- radiation necrosis -- [11C]methionine -- [11C]PBR28; Molecular diagnosis -- Periodicals; Diagnostic imaging -- Periodicals; Molecular biology -- Periodicals; Molecular diagnosis; Diagnostic imaging; Molecular biology; Periodicals; 616.075
• DOI: 10.1177/1536012120968669
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1535-3508

Abstract

Purpose: As stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and immunotherapy are increasingly used to treat brain metastases, incidence of radiation necrosis (RN) is consequently rising. Differentiating tumor regrowth (TR) from RN is vital in management but difficult to assess using MRI. We hypothesized that tumor methionine levels would be elevated given increased metabolism and high amino acid uptake, whereas RN would increase inflammation marked by upregulated translocator protein (PBR-TSPO), which can be quantified with specific PET tracers. Procedures: We performed a feasibility study to prospectively evaluate [ 11 C]methionine and [ 11 C]PBR28 using PET in 5 patients with 7 previously SRS-treated brain metastases demonstrating regrowth to differentiate TR from RN. Results: Sequential imaging with dual tracers was well-tolerated. [ 11 C]methionine was accurate for detecting pathologically confirmed TR in 7/7 lesions, whereas [ 11 C]PBR28 was only accurate in 3/7 lesions. Tumor PBR-TSPO expression was elevated in both melanoma and lung cancer cells, contributing to lack of specificity of [ 11 C]PBR28-PET. Conclusion: Sequential use of PET tracers is safe and effective. [ 11 C]Methionine was a reliable TR marker, but [ 11 C]PBR28 was not a reliable marker of RN. Studies are needed to determine the causes of post-radiation inflammation and identify specific markers of RN to improve diagnostic imaging.