Staphylococcus Aureus in chronic airway diseases: An overview. (August 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Flora, Martina; Perrotta, Fabio; Nicolai, Ambra; Maffucci, Rosalba; Pratillo, Anna; Mollica, Mariano; Bianco, Andrea; Calabrese, Cecilia
• Is Part Of: Respiratory medicine. Volume 155(2019)
• Page Start: 66
• Page End: 71
• Publication Date: 2019-08
• Subjects: Staphylococcus aureus -- Enterotoxins -- Airway diseases -- Severe asthma -- Chronic rhinosinusitis; Chest -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Chest -- Diseases -- Great Britain -- Periodicals; Respiratory organs -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Respiratory Tract Diseases -- Periodicals; Appareil respiratoire -- Maladies -- Périodiques; Thorax -- Maladies -- Périodiques; Appareil respiratoire -- Maladies -- Traitement -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.07.008
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0954-6111

Abstract

Abstract: This review investigates about the role of Staphylococcus Aureus ( S. aureus ) and S. aureus enterotoxins (SEs) in the pathogenesis of several chronic airway diseases. S. aureus is part of normal human flora and may colonize the skin and the upper airways. SEs acting as superantigens can induce an intense T cell activation and through the release of interleukin (IL) - 4, 5, and 13, can promote a polyclonal IgE response and eosinophilic inflammation. S. aureus can damage epithelial cells inducing the release of the so-called "alarmins" responsible of the activation of Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC-2) linked to an IL-5 mediated airway eosinophilic inflammation. SEs sensitization has been recently associated with the eosinophilic endotypes of both nasal polyps and late onset severe asthma. Studies investigating the effect of biological therapies in SEs sensitized patients should be performed in order to better define the role played by S. aureus in the different endotypes of severe asthma and/or chronic rhinosinusitis. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: S. aureus exerts a pathogenetic role in chronic upper and lower respiratory diseases. SEs, acting as either antigen and superantigen, induce the synthesis of specific and polyclonal IgE. S. aureus induce epithelial alarmins linked to type 2 inflammation. Biological therapies should be investigated in severe asthma e CRS with SEs sensitization.