Correlations among pain, depressive symptoms, constipation, and serotonin levels in smokers and non smokers. Issue 4 (23rd March 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lee, Eun Jin
• Is Part Of: Perspectives in psychiatric care. Volume 56:Issue 4(2020:Oct.)
• Page Start: 864
• Page End: 870
• Publication Date: 2020-03-23
• Subjects: constipation -- depressive symptoms -- pain -- serotonin -- smokers; Psychiatric nursing -- Periodicals; Psychiatric nursing -- Research -- Periodicals; 616.890231
• DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12503
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0031-5990

Abstract

Abstract: Purpose: To examine the differences and correlations among pain, depressive symptoms, and constipation in smokers and non smokers. Design and Methods: The present study was a cross‐sectional study that used descriptive correlations. This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Findings: Smokers had more pain, depressive symptoms, and constipation than non smokers. Smokers had similar serotonin levels compared with non smokers. Positive correlations were observed between constipation and serum serotonin levels ( r = .19, P = .039, n = 116), between constipation and depressive symptoms ( r = .18, P = .023, n = 164), and between constipation and pain ( r = .23, P = .004, n = 164) in smokers. Practical Implications: Health professionals should assess and treat patients with the knowledge that the severity of pain, depression, and constipation may be greater in smokers than in non smokers.