Estimating marine protected area network benefits for reef sharks. Issue 10 (29th July 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Estimating marine protected area network benefits for reef sharks. Issue 10 (29th July 2020)
- Main Title:
- Estimating marine protected area network benefits for reef sharks
- Authors:
- Martín, Gerardo
Espinoza, Mario
Heupel, Michelle
Simpfendorfer, Colin A. - Editors:
- O'Connor, Nessa
- Abstract:
- Abstract: Animal movement has direct applications in spatial management and conservation planning, yet it is rarely taken into account for the design of natural protected areas. For instance, reef shark species are thought to benefit from marine protected area networks, even though their movement behaviour remains poorly characterized. Poor understanding of species' movements implies that the benefits of MPA networks for species' populations are still widely unknown. To understand the consequences of movement behaviour for protection, we modelled movements of three reef shark species' ( Carcharhinus albimarginatus, C. amblyrhynchos and C. leucas ) with distinct levels of reef association using real passive‐acoustic telemetry data. The model simulates if individuals are protected or unprotected by their movements in a system of reef patches in a network of MPAs. Model parameters that control individuals' movements were estimated from acoustic telemetry data. To estimate benefits for species we monitored longevity and time spent in protected habitats across all scenarios of reef protection, fishing intensity (11 values for each) and protection of high or low suitability reefs (a reef‐dependent factor that attracts sharks to reside in it) for populations of 1, 000 individuals per species. The time individuals spent in protected reefs increased linearly with protection until it levelled off after 50%–80% of reefs protected (78% C. amblyrhynchos, 72% C. albimarginatus and 52 % C.Abstract: Animal movement has direct applications in spatial management and conservation planning, yet it is rarely taken into account for the design of natural protected areas. For instance, reef shark species are thought to benefit from marine protected area networks, even though their movement behaviour remains poorly characterized. Poor understanding of species' movements implies that the benefits of MPA networks for species' populations are still widely unknown. To understand the consequences of movement behaviour for protection, we modelled movements of three reef shark species' ( Carcharhinus albimarginatus, C. amblyrhynchos and C. leucas ) with distinct levels of reef association using real passive‐acoustic telemetry data. The model simulates if individuals are protected or unprotected by their movements in a system of reef patches in a network of MPAs. Model parameters that control individuals' movements were estimated from acoustic telemetry data. To estimate benefits for species we monitored longevity and time spent in protected habitats across all scenarios of reef protection, fishing intensity (11 values for each) and protection of high or low suitability reefs (a reef‐dependent factor that attracts sharks to reside in it) for populations of 1, 000 individuals per species. The time individuals spent in protected reefs increased linearly with protection until it levelled off after 50%–80% of reefs protected (78% C. amblyrhynchos, 72% C. albimarginatus and 52 % C. leucas, at 100% protection). Individuals' life span decreased exponentially with fishing intensity. Reef protection only mildly counteracted life span lost to fishing. Protecting highly suitable reefs increased time spent in protected reefs, optimal protection was reached at a lower number of reefs protected, and life expectancy was higher with protection of highly suitable reefs. Synthesis and applications . Our framework can be applied to many studies using passive‐acoustic telemetry to track animal movements. Protected area networks benefit species highly attached to protected sites. To increase benefits of marine protected area networks for all species (with low and high degrees of reef attachment) we need to understand the use of reef‐adjacent areas, dispersal routes and characterize reef suitability for multiple species. Abstract : Our framework can be applied to many studies using passive‐acoustic telemetry to track animal movements. Protected area networks benefit species highly attached to protected sites. To increase benefits of marine protected area networks for all species (with low and high degrees of reef attachment) we need to understand the use of reef‐adjacent areas, dispersal routes and characterize reef suitability for multiple species. Resumen: El movimiento de los animales puede ser utilizado para planeamiento de manejo espacial y conservación, sin embargo, en raras ocasiones es tomado en cuenta para diseñar áreas naturales protegidas. Por ejemplo, se ha sugerido que las especies de tiburón de arrecife coralino se benefician de las redes de áreas marinas protegidas, aún cuando sus movimientos han sido pobremente estudiados. Los patrones de movimiento poco entendidos de estas especies significa que aún se desconoce cómo se benefician de las redes de aŕeas marinas protegidas. Para entender las consecuencias de los patrones de movimiento para la protección, modelamos los movimientos de tres especies de tiburones ( Carcharhinus albimarginatus, C. amblyrhynchos y C. leucas ) con distintos grados de asociación con arrecifes utilizando datos reales de telemetría pasiva acústica. El modelo simula si los individuos se encuentran protegidos o desprotegidos cuando se mueven en un sistema de parches arrecifales en una red de áreas marinas protegidas. Los parámetros del modelo que controlan el movimiento de los individuos fueron estimados con los datos de telemetría. Para estimar los beneficios para cada especie, monitoreamos la longevidad y el tiempo que los individuos permanecieron en los arrecifes protegidos en todos los escenarios de protección, intensidad de pesca (11 valores para cada uno) y protección de arrecifes de alta y baja favorabilidad (factor asociado a cada arrecife que atrae a los tiburones a residir en ellos), para poblaciones de 1, 000 individuos de cada especie. El tiempo que los individuos pasaron en arrecifes protegidos aumentó linealmente con el grado de protección hasta que se niveló después de proteger 50%–80% de los arrecifes (78% C. amblyrhynchos, 72% C. albimarginatus y 52 % C. leucas, a 100% de protección). La longevidad de los individuos disminuyó exponencialmente con la intensidad de pesca, y la protección contrarrestó medianamente los años perdidos por la pesca. La protección de arrecifes altamente favorables aumentó el tiempo que pasaron en arrecifes protegidos y se alcanzó el máximo de protección con un menor número de arrecifes protegidos. Asímismo la longevidad promedio fue más alta cuando se protegieron los arrecifes más favorables. Síntesis y aplicaciones . Nuestros métodos y modelo pueden ser aplicados en estudios de telemetría acústica pasiva. Las redes de áreas naturales protegidas benefician más a especies e individuos con altos grados de afiliación a los sitios protegidos. Para mejorar los beneficios de las redes de áreas marinas protegidas para todas las especies (con altos y bajos grados de afiliación), necesitamos entender mejor el uso de las áreas adyacentes a los arrecifes, las rutas de dispersión y caracterizar la favorabilidad para múltiples especies. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of applied ecology. Volume 57:Issue 10(2020)
- Journal:
- Journal of applied ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 57:Issue 10(2020)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 57, Issue 10 (2020)
- Year:
- 2020
- Volume:
- 57
- Issue:
- 10
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2020-0057-0010-0000
- Page Start:
- 1969
- Page End:
- 1980
- Publication Date:
- 2020-07-29
- Subjects:
- agent‐based model -- fishing -- habitat connectivity -- habitat suitability -- marine protected area networks -- movement -- passive‐acoustic telemetry -- reef sharks
Agriculture -- Periodicals
Biology, Economic -- Periodicals
Agricultural ecology -- Periodicals
Applied ecology -- Periodicals
577 - Journal URLs:
- http://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2664/ ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/member/institutions/issuelist.asp?journal=jpe ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2664.13706 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0021-8901
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
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- British Library DSC - 4942.500000
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