Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K2, and magnesium supplementation and skeletal health. (October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Capozzi, Anna; Scambia, Giovanni; Lello, Stefano
• Is Part Of: Maturitas. Volume 140(2020)
• Page Start: 55
• Page End: 63
• Publication Date: 2020-10
• Subjects: Post-menopausal osteoporosis -- Calcium -- Vitamin D -- Vitamin K2 -- Magnesium; Climacteric -- Periodicals; Menopause -- Periodicals; Climacteric -- Periodicals; Geriatrics -- Periodicals; Menopause -- Periodicals; Middle Aged -- Periodicals; Climatère -- Périodiques; Ménopause -- Périodiques; Climacterium; Climacteric; Menopause; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 612.66
• DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.020
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-5122

Abstract

Highlights: Calcium supplementation is recommended for people at risk of fracture and insufficient dietary intake or absorption. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for people at risk of fracture and/or vitamin D deficiency. Data on vitamin K2 and magnesium supplementation with regard to bone and muscle health are promising but still inconclusive. Abstract: Supplementation with calcium (Ca) and/or vitamin D (vitD) is key to the management of osteoporosis. Other supplements like vitamin K2 (VitK2) and magnesium (Mg) could contribute to the maintenance of skeletal health. This narrative review summarizes the most recent data on Ca, vitD, vitK2 and Mg supplementation and age-related bone and muscle loss. Ca supplementation alone is not recommended for fracture prevention in the general postmenopausal population. Patients at risk of fracture with insufficient dietary intake and absorption could benefit from calcium supplementation, but it needs to be customized, taking into account possible side-effects and degree of adherence. VitD supplementation is essential in patients at risk of fracture and/or vitD deficiency. VitK2 and Mg both appear to be involved in bone metabolism. Data suggest that VitK2 supplementation might improve bone quality and reduce fracture risk in osteoporotic patients, potentially enhancing the efficacy of Ca ± vitD. Mg deficiency could negatively influence bone and muscle health. However, data regarding the efficacy of vitK2 and Mg supplementation on bone are inconclusive.