Radiomics and "radi-…omics" in cancer immunotherapy: a guide for clinicians. (October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Porcu, Michele; Solinas, Cinzia; Mannelli, Lorenzo; Micheletti, Giulio; Lambertini, Matteo; Willard-Gallo, Karen; Neri, Emanuele; Flanders, Adam E.; Saba, Luca
• Is Part Of: Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. Volume 154(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-10
• Subjects: Radiomics -- cancer immunotherapy -- immune checkpoint molecules -- immune checkpoint blockade -- PD-1/PD-L1 -- CTLA-4; Oncology -- Periodicals; Hematology -- Periodicals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103068
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1040-8428

Abstract

Highlights: Radiomics detects imaging features not identifiable by the simple visual analysis. Radiomics features can be combined with data from other "…-omics" data. Radiomics creates enhanced data models for supporting medical decision. These algorithms help to assess various aspects of cancer immunotherapy treatment. Abstract: In recent years the concept of precision medicine has become a popular topic particularly in medical oncology. Besides the identification of new molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers and the development of new targeted and immunotherapeutic drugs, imaging has started to play a central role in this new era. Terms such as "radiomics", "radiogenomics" or "radi…-omics" are becoming increasingly common in the literature and soon they will represent an integral part of clinical practice. The use of artificial intelligence, imaging and "-omics" data can be used to develop models able to predict, for example, the features of the tumor immune microenvironment through imaging, and to monitor the therapeutic response beyond the standard radiological criteria. The aims of this narrative review are to provide a simplified guide for clinicians to these concepts, and to summarize the existing evidence on radiomics and "radi…-omics" in cancer immunotherapy.