A meta‐review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Issue 3 (15th September 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Firth, Joseph; Solmi, Marco; Wootton, Robyn E.; Vancampfort, Davy; Schuch, Felipe B.; Hoare, Erin; Gilbody, Simon; Torous, John; Teasdale, Scott B.; Jackson, Sarah E.; Smith, Lee; Eaton, Melissa; Jacka, Felice N.; Veronese, Nicola; Marx, Wolfgang; Ashdown‐Franks, Garcia; Siskind, Dan; Sarris, Jerome; Rosenbaum, Simon; Carvalho, André F.; Stubbs, Brendon
• Is Part Of: World psychiatry. Volume 19:Issue 3(2020)
• Page Start: 360
• Page End: 380
• Publication Date: 2020-09-15
• Subjects: Lifestyle factors -- mental disorders -- psychological well‐being -- physical activity -- sedentary behavior -- tobacco smoking -- dietary patterns -- sleep -- depression -- anxiety disorders -- bipolar disorder -- schizophrenia; Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Mental illness -- Periodicals; 616.89005
• DOI: 10.1002/wps.20773
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1723-8617

Abstract

Abstract : There is increasing academic and clinical interest in how "lifestyle factors" traditionally associated with physical health may also relate to mental health and psychological well‐being. In response, international and national health bodies are producing guidelines to address health behaviors in the prevention and treatment of mental illness. However, the current evidence for the causal role of lifestyle factors in the onset and prognosis of mental disorders is unclear. We performed a systematic meta‐review of the top‐tier evidence examining how physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns and tobacco smoking impact on the risk and treatment outcomes across a range of mental disorders. Results from 29 meta‐analyses of prospective/cohort studies, 12 Mendelian randomization studies, two meta‐reviews, and two meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials were synthesized to generate overviews of the evidence for targeting each of the specific lifestyle factors in the prevention and treatment of depression, anxiety and stress‐related disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Standout findings include: a) convergent evidence indicating the use of physical activity in primary prevention and clinical treatment across a spectrum of mental disorders; b) emerging evidence implicating tobacco smoking as a causal factor in onset of both common and severe mental illness; c) the need to clearly establish causal relations between dietary patterns and risk of mental illness, and how diet should be best addressed within mental health care; and d) poor sleep as a risk factor for mental illness, although with further research required to understand the complex, bidirectional relations and the benefits of non‐pharmacological sleep‐focused interventions. The potentially shared neurobiological pathways between multiple lifestyle factors and mental health are discussed, along with directions for future research, and recommendations for the implementation of these findings at public health and clinical service levels.