Effects of ambient air pollution on incident Parkinson's disease in Ontario, 2001 to 2013: a population-based cohort study. (16th August 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Shin, Saeha; Burnett, Richard T; Kwong, Jeffrey C; Hystad, Perry; van Donkelaar, Aaron; Brook, Jeffrey R; Copes, Ray; Tu, Karen; Goldberg, Mark S; Villeneuve, Paul J; Martin, Randall V; Murray, Brian J; Wilton, Andrew S; Kopp, Alexander; Chen, Hong
• Is Part Of: International journal of epidemiology. Volume 47:Number 6(2018)
• Page Start: 2038
• Page End: 2048
• Publication Date: 2018-08-16
• Subjects: Parkinson's disease -- neurodegenerative diseases -- air pollution -- incidence; Epidemiology -- Periodicals; 614.4
• DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy172
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0300-5771

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Despite recent studies linking air pollution to neurodegenerative illness, evidence relating air pollution and Parkinson's disease (PD) remains scarce. We conducted a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, to determine the association between air pollution and incident PD. Methods: Using health administrative databases, we identified all adults aged 55–85 years, free of PD, and who lived in Ontario on 1 April 2001 (∼2.2 million). Individuals were followed up until 31 March 2013. We derived long-term average exposures to fine particulate matter (particles ≤2.5 µm in diameter, or PM2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) and ozone from satellite-based estimates, land-use regression models and optimal interpolation methods, respectively. Using 2-year lags in exposures, we linked these estimates to individuals' annual postal codes from 1994 (7 years before cohort inception). We applied spatial random-effects Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for individual- and area-level characteristics. We also performed sensitivity analyses, such as considering longer lags in exposures and stratifying by selected characteristics. Results: During the study period, we identified 38 745 newly diagnosed cases of PD. Each interquartile increment (3.8 µg/m 3 ) of PM2.5 was associated with a 4% increase in incident PD (95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.08) after adjusting for various covariates. We also found positive associations for NO2 and ozone [hazard ratios (HRs) ranged from 1.03 to 1.04]. The associations for all exposures were unaltered with various sensitivity analyses except for considering longer lags, which somewhat attenuated the estimates, particularly for NO2 and ozone. Conclusions: Exposure to air pollution, especially PM2.5, was found to be related to incident PD.