Influence of Nonpolio Enteroviruses and the Bacterial Gut Microbiota on Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Response: A Study from South India. (24th September 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Praharaj, Ira; Parker, Edward P K; Giri, Sidhartha; Allen, David J; Silas, Sophia; Revathi, R; Kaliappan, Saravanakumar Puthupalayam; John, Jacob; Prasad, Jasmine Helan; Kampmann, Beate; Iturriza-Gómara, Miren; Grassly, Nicholas C; Kang, Gagandeep
• Is Part Of: Journal of infectious diseases. Volume 219:Number 8(2019)
• Page Start: 1178
• Page End: 1186
• Publication Date: 2018-09-24
• Subjects: Nonpolio enteroviruses -- bacterial microbiota -- 16S rRNA -- OPV -- next generation sequencing; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Diseases -- Causes and theories of causation -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.9
• DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy568
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-1899

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is less immunogenic in low- or middle-income than in high-income countries. We tested whether bacterial and viral components of the intestinal microbiota are associated with this phenomenon. Methods: We assessed the prevalence of enteropathogens using TaqMan array cards 14 days before and at vaccination in 704 Indian infants (aged 6–11 months) receiving monovalent type 3 OPV (CTRI/2014/05/004588). Nonpolio enterovirus (NPEV) serotypes were identified by means of VP1 sequencing. In 120 infants, the prevaccination bacterial microbiota was characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Results: We detected 56 NPEV serotypes on the day of vaccination. Concurrent NPEVs were associated with a reduction in OPV seroconversion, consistent across species (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.57 [.36–.90], 0.61 [.43–.86], and 0.69 [.41–1.16] for species A, B, and C, respectively). Recently acquired enterovirus infections, detected at vaccination but not 14 days earlier, had a greater interfering effect on monovalent type 3 OPV seroresponse than did persistent infections, with enterovirus detected at both time points (seroconversion in 44 of 127 infants [35%] vs 63 of 129 [49%]; P = .02). The abundance of specific bacterial taxa did not differ significantly according to OPV response, although the microbiota was more diverse in nonresponders at the time of vaccination. Conclusion: Enteric viruses have a greater impact on OPV response than the bacterial microbiota, with recent enterovirus infections having a greater inhibitory effect than persistent infections. Abstract : Nonpolio enteroviruses have a significant impact on oral poliovirus vaccine seroresponse irrespective of infecting serotype, whereas the bacterial gut microbiota does not affect OPV seroresponse significantly.