Nitrogen‐Functionalized Hydrothermal Carbon Materials by Using Urotropine as the Nitrogen Precursor. Issue 47 (2nd May 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Straten, Jan Willem; Schleker, Philipp; Krasowska, Małgorzata; Veroutis, Emmanouil; Granwehr, Josef; Auer, Alexander A.; Hetaba, Walid; Becker, Sylvia; Schlögl, Robert; Heumann, Saskia
• Is Part Of: Chemistry. Volume 24:Issue 47(2018)
• Page Start: 12298
• Page End: 12317
• Publication Date: 2018-05-02
• Subjects: biomass -- carbon -- hydrothermal synthesis -- nitrogen -- vibrational spectroscopy; Chemistry -- Periodicals; 540
• DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800341
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0947-6539

Abstract

Abstract: Nitrogen‐containing hydrothermal carbon (N‐HTC) materials of spherical particle morphology were prepared by means of hydrothermal synthesis with glucose and urotropine as precursors. The molar ratio of glucose to urotropine has been varied to achieve a continuous increase in nitrogen content. By raising the ratio of urotropine to glucose, a maximal nitrogen fraction of about 19 wt % could be obtained. Decomposition products of both glucose and urotropine react with each other; this opens up a variety of possible reaction pathways. The pH has a pronounced effect on the reaction pathway of the corresponding reaction steps. For the first time, a comprehensive analytical investigation, comprising a multitude of analytical tools and instruments, of a series of nitrogen‐containing HTC materials was applied. Functional groups and structural motifs identified were analyzed by means of FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric MS, and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. Information on reaction mechanisms and structural details were obtained by electronic structure calculations that were compared with vibrational spectra of polyfuran or polypyrrole‐like groups, which represent structural motifs occurring in the present samples. Abstract : Turn up the heat ! Glucose and urotropine precursors lead to the preparation of solid N‐containing hydrothermal carbon materials (N‐HTCs) with up to 19 wt % nitrogen (see figure). A comprehensive analytical investigation allowed reasonable structural motifs of N‐HTC with different nitrogen contents to be proposed.