Elevated biosynthesis of palmitic acid is required for zebrafish against Edwardsiella tarda infection. Issue 92 (September 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Xu, Di; Wang, Jie; Guo, Chang; Peng, Xuan-xian; Li, Hui
• Is Part Of: Fish & shellfish immunology. Issue 92(2019)
• Page Start: 508
• Page End: 518
• Publication Date: 2019-09
• Subjects: Edwardsiella tarda -- Inactivated vaccine -- Metabolomics -- Innate immunity -- Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids -- TCA cycle; Fishes -- Immunology -- Periodicals; Shellfish -- Immunology -- Periodicals; Poissons -- Immunologie -- Périodiques; Crustacés -- Immunologie -- Périodiques; 571.9617
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.041
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1050-4648

Abstract

Abstract: Mechanisms by which vaccines enhance immunity to combat bacterial pathogens are not fully understood. Recently, we have found that live Edwardsiella tarda vaccine enhances ability against the bacterial challenge by metabolic modulation in zebrafish. Here we first explored the metabolic modulation promoted by inactivated E. tarda to eliminate the pathogen. Inactivated E. tarda vaccine modulated a similar metabolome to combat with the pathogen in zebrafish as live E. tarda vaccine did. Specifically, both vaccines promoted biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and the TCA cycle. However, due to relatively higher activated TCA cycle in inactivated vaccine than live vaccine, live vaccine promoted higher abundance of palmitate than inactivated vaccine. Consistently, the protection against E. tarda challenge was palmitate dose-dependent. Live vaccine activated higher expression of IL-1β, IL-8, Cox-2 genes and lower expression of IL-15, IL-21 genes than inactivated vaccine, which is similar to the results stimulated by high and low doses of palmitate, respectively. These findings indicate live and inactivated E. tarda vaccines stimulate differential abundances of palmitate that contribute to differential innate immunities against bacterial infection. Thus, metabolic environment contributes to immune response. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Metabolic feature is revealled in zebrafish immunized with dead E. tarda vaccine. Similar metabolic profile but low palmitate is detected compared with live vaccine. Palmitate induces immune effective protection in a dose-dependent manner. High and low palmitate induce altered innate immunity as live and dead vaccines do. Metabolic environment contributes to immune response.