Geophysics‐Based Contaminant Mass Discharge Quantification Downgradient of a Landfill and a Former Pharmaceutical Factory. Issue 8 (16th August 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Balbarini, Nicola; Rønde, Vinni; Maurya, Pradip; Fiandaca, Gianluca; Møller, Ingelise; Klint, Knud Erik; Christiansen, Anders V.; Binning, Philip J.; Bjerg, Poul L.
• Is Part Of: Water resources research. Volume 54:Issue 8(2018)
• Page Start: 5436
• Page End: 5456
• Publication Date: 2018-08-16
• Subjects: contaminant mass discharge -- direct current resistivity -- induced polarization -- risk assessment -- uncertainty -- groundwater contamination; Hydrology -- Periodicals; 333.91
• DOI: 10.1029/2017WR021855
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0043-1397

Abstract

Abstract: Contaminant mass discharge is a commonly applied tool to evaluate the environmental impact of contaminated sites on water resources. At large contaminated sites with heterogeneous sources, such as landfills, the number of wells available is often not sufficient, leading to a high uncertainty of mass discharge estimates. In this study, we tackle the uncertainty of the contaminant mass discharge due to low sampling densities by interpolating limited water‐sample data with the support of surface direct current resistivity and induced polarization geophysical data. The method relies on finding a conceptual link between the bulk conductivity imaged from geophysics and the contaminant concentrations. We investigate the link between (1) imaged bulk and electrical water conductivity, (2) water conductivity and conservative ionic species, (3) water conductivity and redox‐sensitive species, (4) water conductivity and semipersistent organic species, and (5) water conductivity and biodegradable organic compounds. The method successfully identify similarities between the distribution of the bulk conductivity and chloride and pharmaceutical compounds in a landfill leachate plume and between the bulk conductivity data and benzene and chlorinated ethenes for a contaminant plume from a former pharmaceutical factory. Contaminant concentrations were interpolated through regression kriging, using geophysical data as the dependent variable. The distribution of concentration determined with the novel method showed a lower mean relative estimation error than the traditional method of kriging only contaminant concentration data. At large sites, the method can improve contaminant mass discharge estimates, especially if surface geophysical measurements are integrated in the site investigation at an early stage. Key Points: Surface direct current resistivity and induced polarization geophysical data can improve the interpolation of contaminant concentration data The geophysics‐based method can improve estimation of contaminant mass discharge at large contaminated sites with low water‐sample densities Surface geophysical data are affected by changes in inorganic species arising from a contaminant source or generated during biodegradation