Artificial intelligence and machine learning in spine research. Issue 1 (5th March 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Galbusera, Fabio; Casaroli, Gloria; Bassani, Tito
• Is Part Of: JOR spine. Volume 2:Issue 1(2019)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2019-03-05
• Subjects: artificial neural networks -- deep learning -- ethical implications -- outcome prediction -- segmentation; Spine -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Spine -- Diseases -- Treatment -- Periodicals; Spine -- Wounds and injuries -- Periodicals; Orthopedics -- Periodicals; Electronic journal; Periodicals; 616.73005
• DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1044
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2572-1143

Abstract

Abstract : Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques are revolutionizing several industrial and research fields like computer vision, autonomous driving, natural language processing, and speech recognition. These novel tools are already having a major impact in radiology, diagnostics, and many other fields in which the availability of automated solution may benefit the accuracy and repeatability of the execution of critical tasks. In this narrative review, we first present a brief description of the various techniques that are being developed nowadays, with special focus on those used in spine research. Then, we describe the applications of AI and ML to problems related to the spine which have been published so far, including the localization of vertebrae and discs in radiological images, image segmentation, computer‐aided diagnosis, prediction of clinical outcomes and complications, decision support systems, content‐based image retrieval, biomechanics, and motion analysis. Finally, we briefly discuss major ethical issues related to the use of AI in healthcare, namely, accountability, risk of biased decisions as well as data privacy and security, which are nowadays being debated in the scientific community and by regulatory agencies. Abstract : Artificial intelligence technologies such as deep artificial neural networks are nowadays being used in spine research, for example for the automated grading of disc degeneration.