The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors. (September 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Brand, Matthias; Wegmann, Elisa; Stark, Rudolf; Müller, Astrid; Wölfling, Klaus; Robbins, Trevor W.; Potenza, Marc N.
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Volume 104(2019)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 10
• Publication Date: 2019-09
• Subjects: Behavioral addictions -- Gaming disorder -- Gambling disorder -- Problematic pornography use -- Buying-shopping disorder -- Cue-reactivity -- Inhibitory control; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Human behavior -- Periodicals; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Behavior -- Periodicals; Ethology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiologie -- Périodiques; Comportement humain -- Périodiques; Animaux -- Mœurs et comportement -- Périodiques; Neurologie -- Périodiques; Animal behavior; Human behavior; Neurology; Psychophysiology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 573.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0149-7634

Abstract

Highlights: Addictive behaviors are linked to cue-reactivity and craving. Addictive behaviors are associated with diminished inhibitory control. Habitual behaviors are developed in the process of addictive behaviors. An imbalance between fronto-striatal circuits contributes to addictive behaviors. Abstract: We propose an updated version of the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, which we argue to be valid for several types of addictive behaviors, such as gambling, gaming, buying-shopping, and compulsive sexual behavior disorders. Based on recent empirical findings and theoretical considerations, we argue that addictive behaviors develop as a consequence of the interactions between predisposing variables, affective and cognitive responses to specific stimuli, and executive functions, such as inhibitory control and decision-making. In the process of addictive behaviors, the associations between cue-reactivity/craving and diminished inhibitory control contribute to the development of habitual behaviors. An imbalance between structures of fronto-striatal circuits, particularly between ventral striatum, amygdala, and dorsolateral prefrontal areas, may be particularly relevant to early stages and the dorsal striatum to later stages of addictive processes. The I-PACE model may provide a theoretical foundation for future studies on addictive behaviors and clinical practice. Future studies should investigate common and unique mechanisms involved in addictive, obsessive-compulsive-related, impulse-control, and substance-use disorders.