Legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in frogs: Sex difference and parental transfer. (November 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Liu, Yin-E; Luo, Xiao-Jun; Guan, Ke-Lan; Huang, Chen-Chen; Zhu, Chun-You; Qi, Xue-Meng; Zeng, Yan-Hong; Mai, Bi-Xian
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 266:Part 2(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-11
• Subjects: Organophosphorus flame retardants -- Plasticizers -- Frog -- Parental transfer -- Sex difference; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115336
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs from an e-waste polluted area were collected and examined for legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. Total concentrations of PFRs and plasticizers were 0.62–15 ng/g wet weight (ww) and 316–4904 ng/g ww in muscles, 2.2–59 ng/g ww and 127–5757 ng/g ww in eggs and gonads, and 1.2–15 ng/g ww and 51–1510 ng/g ww in oviducts, respectively. For muscle tissues, concentrations of ∑PFRs, triethyl phosphate, tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and tris-(chloro-2-propyl) phosphate were significantly higher in the males than females ( p < 0.05). However, for reproductive tissues, eggs exhibited higher levels of those contaminants than gonads ( p < 0.05). No significant sex difference in levels of plasticizers was observed in muscles. In contrast, levels for (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di- n -butyl phthalate, and di- iso -butyl phthalate in gonads were significantly higher than those in eggs ( p < 0.05). Significantly negative linear correlations between maternal transfer ratios and log K OW were found in female frogs. Paternal transfer potentials were first significantly and positively correlated to log K OW (<6) and then decreased afterward in the males. These results indicated that parental transfer was answer for the sex-specific accumulation of PFRs and plasticizers in frogs. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Occurrences and parental transfer of PFRs and plasticizers in frogs were investigated. PFR levels in male muscle tissues were higher than females. Plasticizer levels in male reproductive tissues were higher than females. Sex-related parental transfer mechanisms cause the sex-specific accumulation. Abstract : The present study provided a first insight into the sex difference in internal exposure and parental transfer of PFRs and plasticizers in wild frogs.