A new indicator for a fair comparison on the energy performance of data centers. (15th October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Li, Jian; Jurasz, Jakub; Li, Hailong; Tao, Wen-Quan; Duan, Yuanyuan; Yan, Jinyue
• Is Part Of: Applied energy. Volume 276(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-10-15
• Subjects: Data center -- Power usage effectiveness (PUE) -- Cooling technology -- Coefficient of PUE (COPUE) -- Energy efficiency -- Climatic conditions; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Energy conservation -- Periodicals; Energy conversion -- Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115497
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-2619

Abstract

Highlights: A new indicator, coefficient of power usage effectiveness (COPUE) is proposed. Energy performances of data centers in various climatic conditions is compared. A simplified method is developed to present benchmark cooling technology. Abstract: The power usage effectiveness (PUE) is commonly used as the key performance indicator to evaluate the energy performance of data centers. However, using only PUE cannot enable a fair comparison when data centers are operating in different regions, due to the unneglectable impacts of climatic conditions on the power consumption of cooling systems. To solve this problem, a new indicator, coefficient of PUE (COPUE), is proposed, which is defined as the ratio of the measured PUE of real data centers to the local benchmark PUE. The benchmark PUE is reckoned based on the current most commonly used cooling technology, which consists of water-cooled chillers and water cooling towers. A simplified method for calculating benchmark PUE is also developed. The degree hour of water cooling is introduced to consider the impacts of local climatic conditions. It presents the annual accumulated hours, in which chilled water is needed to satisfy the cooling demand of data centers. Through several case studies, COPUE has been proved to be an effective indicator for comparing the energy performance of data centers. When the same cooling technology is adopted, it can reflect how good the design and operation are; while, when different cooling technologies are adopted, it can be used to demonstrate which one is superior.