Distribution, identification and characterization of Colletotrichum lineola and C. panacicola causing anthracnose on ginseng in northeast China. (November 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Liu, Liping; Zhang, Lin; Wang, Yang; Zhan, Haoxin; Yang, Jie; Peng, Lin; Yang, Linhao; He, Bo; Lu, Baohui; Wang, Yu; Gao, Jie; Hsiang, Tom
• Is Part Of: Crop protection. Volume 137(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-11
• Subjects: Colletotrichum lineola -- Colletotrichum panacicola -- Panax ginseng -- Morphology -- Pathogenicity -- Bio-control; Plants, Protection of -- Periodicals; 632.05
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105265
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-2194

Abstract

Abstract: Ginseng ( Panax ginseng ) has been used for thousands of years as an important medicinal plant in East Asia, especially in China. Colletotrichum panacicola was confirmed as a major pathogen causing anthracnose on ginseng in Korea. However, the species distribution of Colletotrichum causing ginseng anthracnose in China had not been examined. During 2017 to 2019, 232 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from 12 main ginseng-producing areas in northeast China. Based on morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ), actin ( ACT ), chitin synthase 1 ( CHS-1 ) and beta-tubulin ( TUB2 ), 97 isolates were grouped with C. lineola and 135 isolates belonged to C. panacicola . There was some evidence of geographical specialization of the two species. Isolates of C. lineola were found only in Jilin and Liaoning provinces, and C. panacicola was found in all three provinces (Jilin, Liaoning and Heilongjiang) in northeast China. Inoculations of ginseng leaves and stems showed that isolates of C. panacicola were more aggressive than isolates of C. lineola . C. panacicola could infect both ginseng leaves and stems, while C. lineola was more pathogenic to ginseng stems than leaves, but virulence levels also differed within species. Both species could be cultured on eight different media, and grew from pH 4 to 11. The bio-control bacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FS6 (CGMCC No.9538) has an inhibitory effect on the growth of the two species. This is the first description of C. lineola and C. panacicola as causal agents of ginseng anthracnose from northeast China. Highlights: Colletotrichum lineola and C . panacicola were as causal agents of ginseng anthracnose from northeast China. There was some evidence of geographical specialization of C. lineola and C. panacicola. There were inter-specific or intra-specific variations in virulence on ginseng among the C. lineola and C. panacicola. The bio-control bacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FS6 has an inhibitory effect on the growth of the two species.