Temperature modulates compensatory responses to food limitation at metamorphosis in a marine invertebrate. (23rd June 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Temperature modulates compensatory responses to food limitation at metamorphosis in a marine invertebrate. (23rd June 2020)
- Main Title:
- Temperature modulates compensatory responses to food limitation at metamorphosis in a marine invertebrate
- Authors:
- Torres, Gabriela
Giménez, Luis - Editors:
- Reznick, David
- Abstract:
- Abstract: Under climate change, increased temperatures combined with food limitation may be critical for species with complex life cycles, if high growth rates characterize the larval development. We studied the effect of increased temperature and food limitation on larval survival and on functional traits (developmental time, body mass, growth) at moulting and metamorphosis in the crab Carcinus maenas . We followed the approach of models of metamorphosis integrating responses of body mass and developmental time to increased temperature and food limitation. We also evaluated if body mass decreased with temperature (according to the temperature‐size rule) and if developmental time followed an inverse exponential reduction (expected from some metabolic theories), as both trends are relevant for modelling effects of climate change on fitness and population connectivity. Larvae produced by four females were reared separately from hatching to metamorphosis to the megalopa at two food conditions (ad libitum and food limitation), and at four temperatures covering the range experienced in the field (<20°C) and those expected from climate change (>20°C). In general, body mass did not decrease with temperature, nor developmental time followed an inverse exponential response to temperature (under ad libitum food conditions). At low temperatures (<20°C), food limitation resulted (in general) in small reductions in larval survival. Body mass and nitrogen content were little affected byAbstract: Under climate change, increased temperatures combined with food limitation may be critical for species with complex life cycles, if high growth rates characterize the larval development. We studied the effect of increased temperature and food limitation on larval survival and on functional traits (developmental time, body mass, growth) at moulting and metamorphosis in the crab Carcinus maenas . We followed the approach of models of metamorphosis integrating responses of body mass and developmental time to increased temperature and food limitation. We also evaluated if body mass decreased with temperature (according to the temperature‐size rule) and if developmental time followed an inverse exponential reduction (expected from some metabolic theories), as both trends are relevant for modelling effects of climate change on fitness and population connectivity. Larvae produced by four females were reared separately from hatching to metamorphosis to the megalopa at two food conditions (ad libitum and food limitation), and at four temperatures covering the range experienced in the field (<20°C) and those expected from climate change (>20°C). In general, body mass did not decrease with temperature, nor developmental time followed an inverse exponential response to temperature (under ad libitum food conditions). At low temperatures (<20°C), food limitation resulted (in general) in small reductions in larval survival. Body mass and nitrogen content were little affected by food limitation while effects on carbon content were small. Increased developmental time partially or fully compensated for reduced growth rates. We interpreted this response as adaptive, as minimizing fitness costs associated to reduced body mass. Increased temperatures (>20°C) exacerbated the effect of food limitation on mortality in larvae from three females. Developmental time was longer and larvae metamorphosed with reduced body mass, carbon and nitrogen content. Thus, compensatory responses failed and multiple fitness costs should be expected in individuals facing food limitation at increased temperatures. We propose that integrative studies of traits at metamorphosis could be a basis to develop a mechanistic understanding of how species with complex life cycles will respond to climate change. Such models could eventually include hormonal and metabolic regulation of development as drivers of responses to environmental change. Abstract : A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article . Resumen: Bajo condiciones de cambio climático, la combinación de temperaturas elevadas y baja disponibilidad de alimento, podrían ser críticas para especies con ciclos de vida complejos, si el desarrollo larval está caracterizado por tasas de crecimiento altas. En este trabajo estudiamos el efecto de temperaturas elevadas y baja disponibilidad de alimento en la sobrevivencia larval y caracteres funcionales (tasa de desarrollo, masa corporal y crecimiento) durante la muda y metamorfosis del cangrejo Carcinus maenas . En tal sentido, seguimos el enfoque de modelos de metamorfosis integrando respuestas de la masa corporal y tasa de desarrollo a temperaturas elevadas y baja disponibilidad de alimento. Además, evaluamos si la masa corporal disminuye con la temperatura (de acuerdo a la regla de temperatura‐tamaño) y si el tiempo de desarrollo sigue una reducción exponencial inversa (esperada de algunas teorías metabólicas), ya que ambas tendencias son relevantes para modelar los efectos del cambio climático en el fitness y la conectividad de las poblaciones. Larvas producidas por cuatro hembras fueron cultivadas por separado desde la eclosión hasta la metamorfosis a megalopa bajo dos condiciones de alimentación ( ad libitum y baja disponibilidad), y cuatro temperaturas que cubren el rango experimentado en el campo (<20°C) y aquellas esperadas debido al cambio climático (>20°C). En general, la masa corporal no disminuyó con la temperatura, ni el tiempo de desarrollo siguió una exponencial inversa a la temperatura (bajo condiciones de alimentación ad libitum ). A bajas temperaturas (<20°C), la baja disponibilidad de alimento resultó (en general) en pequeñas reducciones de sobrevivencia larval. La masa corporal y el contenido de nitrógeno se vieron apenas afectados por la baja disponibilidad de alimento mientras que el efecto en el contenido de carbono fue pequeño. Un incremento en el tiempo de desarrollo compensó parcial‐ o totalmente a las tasas de crecimiento reducidas. A esta respuesta la hemos interpretado como adaptativa, minimizando los costos en fitness asociados a una masa corporal reducida. Las temperaturas elevadas (>20°C) exacerbaron el efecto de la baja disponibilidad de alimento en la mortalidad de larvas provenientes de tres hembras. El tiempo de desarrollo fue más prolongado y las larvas metamorfosearon con un contenido reducido de la masa corporal, carbono y nitrógeno. Por lo tanto, las respuestas compensatorias fallaron y se deben esperar múltiples costos en fitness en individuos enfrentando baja disponibilidad de alimento a temperaturas elevadas. Finalmente, proponemos que estudios integrados de los rasgos en la metamorfosis podrían ser la base para desarrollar una comprensión mecanística de cómo especies con ciclos de vida complejos responderán al cambio climático. Dichos modelos podrían incluir eventualmente la regulación hormonal y metabólica del desarrollo como impulsores de respuestas al cambio ambiental. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Functional ecology. Volume 34:Number 8(2020)
- Journal:
- Functional ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 34:Number 8(2020)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 34, Issue 8 (2020)
- Year:
- 2020
- Volume:
- 34
- Issue:
- 8
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2020-0034-0008-0000
- Page Start:
- 1564
- Page End:
- 1576
- Publication Date:
- 2020-06-23
- Subjects:
- biomass growth -- European shore crab -- food limitation -- growth rates -- warming
Ecology -- Periodicals
574.505 - Journal URLs:
- http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/member/institutions/issuelist.asp?journal=fecoe5 ↗
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0269-8463&site=1 ↗
http://www.jstor.org/journals/02698463.html ↗
http://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2435/ ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗
http://firstsearch.oclc.org ↗
http://firstsearch.oclc.org/journal=0269-8463;screen=info;ECOIP ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2435.13607 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0269-8463
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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