High-resolution probing of early events in amyloid-β aggregation related to Alzheimer's disease. Issue 34 (17th April 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sahoo, Bikash R.; Cox, Sarah J.; Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy
• Is Part Of: Chemical communications. Volume 56:Issue 34(2020)
• Page Start: 4627
• Page End: 4639
• Publication Date: 2020-04-17
• Subjects: Chemistry -- Periodicals; 540
• DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01551b
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1359-7345

Abstract

Abstract : High-resolution structure elucidation of Alzheimer's amyloid-β oligomer is crucial to delineate its pathological phenotype. NMR provides atomic-resolution details of amyloid-β oligomer that could aid in the development of structure-based therapeutics. Abstract : In Alzheimer's disease (AD), soluble oligomers of amyloid-β (Aβ) are emerging as a crucial entity in driving disease progression as compared to insoluble amyloid deposits. The lacuna in establishing the structure to function relationship for Aβ oligomers prevents the development of an effective treatment for AD. While the transient and heterogeneous properties of Aβ oligomers impose many challenges for structural investigation, an effective use of a combination of NMR techniques has successfully identified and characterized them at atomic-resolution. Here, we review the successful utilization of solution and solid-state NMR techniques to probe the aggregation and structures of small and large oligomers of Aβ. Biophysical studies utilizing the commonly used solution and 19 F based NMR experiments to identify the formation of small size early intermediates and to obtain their structures, and dock-lock mechanism of fiber growth at atomic-resolution are discussed. In addition, the use of proton-detected magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR experiments to obtain high-resolution insights into the aggregation pathways and structures of large oligomers and other aggregates is also presented. We expect these NMR based studies to be valuable for real-time monitoring of the depletion of monomers and the formation of toxic oligomers and high-order aggregates under a variety of conditions, and to solve the high-resolution structures of small and large size oligomers for most amyloid proteins, and therefore to develop inhibitors and drugs.