Lignin‐Based Direct Ink Printed Structural Scaffolds. Issue 31 (28th June 2020) - Jiang, Bo
Abstract: 3D printing of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) has attracted increasing attention by using this abundant, sustainable, and ecofriendly material. While cellulose can be easily tailored into a highly viscous ink for 3D printing, after solvent evaporation, the final printed structures become highly porous, fragile, and easily fall apart in water due to its hydrophilic nature. Lignin, another crucial component of natural lignocellulose, has not yet been reported for ink printing due to its unfavorable rheological behavior. Herein, a low‐cost direct ink printing strategy is developed to fabricate lignin‐based 3D structures with lignin no further refined and a more compact microstructure as well as different functionalities compared with printed cellulose. By using a soft triblock copolymer as the crosslinking agent, the rheology of lignin‐based inks can be adjusted from soft to rigid, and even enables vertical printing which requires stiff and self‐supporting features. The lignin‐based inks contain less water (≈40 wt%) and exhibit a much denser, stiffer structure, resulting in a wet tensile strength of ≈30 MPa, compared to only ≈0.6 MPa for printed cellulose. In addition, the unique macromolecular structure of lignin also demonstrates significantly improved stability in water and under heat, as well as UV‐blocking performance. Abstract : By developing an aqueous‐based, viscoelastic lignin ink, 3D structures of lignin are constructed via a direct ink printing strategy. The ink design and direct printing strategy exhibit distinct advantages over the fused deposition modeling technique, while the printed scaffolds display superior properties such as wet stability and high stiffness, demonstrating an important strategy for value‐added applications of the abundant lignocellulosic materials.