In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and DNA damage induced by particle matter and gaseous emissions from a medium-duty diesel vehicle under real driving conditions using palm oil biodiesel blends. (October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Botero, Maria L.; Mendoza, Carolina; Arias, Silvana; Hincapié, Oscar D.; Agudelo, John R.; Ortiz, Isabel C.
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 265(2020)Part A
• Publication Date: 2020-10
• Subjects: Diesel emissions -- Biodiesel -- PAH -- Genotoxicity -- Mutagenicity; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115034
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: The influence of palm oil biodiesel content on the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of particle- and gas-phase diesel vehicle emissions was investigated. The emissions were collected on-board of a EURO IV diesel truck, fuelled with mixtures of 10% (B10), 20% (B20) and 100% (B100) of palm oil biodiesel, under real driving conditions. Organic extracts of the particulate matter (PM) and gases were characterised for 17 PAH (including EPA priority) and used for the biological assay. Increasing biodiesel content in the fuel mixture results in a decrease in the PM and PAH emission factors, both in the particulate and gas-phase. The majority of the PAH are present in the gas-phase. The mutagenic potencies, in TA98 bacteria, are higher for B20 in both phases, whereas the mutagenicity emission factor, that takes into account the lower emission of PM and PAH, is not significantly different between the fuels. Higher direct mutagenicity (TA98 + S9) is observed in all the tested fuels, indicating the action of carcinogenic compounds other than non-substituted PAH. The gas-phase extracts present higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in lung epithelial cell A549, which may be related to the higher PAH content in the gas-phase. The increase in biodiesel content have a different impact on cytotoxicity, being larger in the gas-phase and lower in the particle-phase. This indicates that pulmonary toxicity may be higher for the gaseous emissions, due to the role of different toxic compounds compared to the PM. The adverse biological effects when biodiesel content increases are not consequent with the reduction of the PAH characterised, indicating that other toxic compounds are more relevant. Further investigations to identify these compounds are required in order to update and focus the efforts regarding emission targets and controls. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: The emission of PM and PAH decreases with increased biodiesel content. Emitted PAH are mainly in the gas phase. PAH reduction due to biodiesel addition is more efficient in the PM-phase. Mutagenic potency of particle and gas-phase emissions is higher with increased biodiesel. The mutagenicity emission is almost the same. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the gas-phase are higher than the PM-phase. Increased biodiesel content cytotoxicity of gas-phase increases and genotoxicity in the PM-phase decreases.