Control of a grid assisted PV-H2 production system: A comparative study between optimal control and hybrid MPC. (August 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: de Andrade, Gustavo A.; Mendes, Paulo R.C.; García-Clúa, José G.; Normey-Rico, Julio E.
• Is Part Of: Journal of process control. Volume 92(2020)
• Page Start: 220
• Page End: 233
• Publication Date: 2020-08
• Subjects: Hydrogen production -- Photovoltaic energy -- Optimal control -- Hybrid model predictive control -- Mixed logical dynamical systems -- Pontryagin's maximum principle; Process control -- Periodicals; Fabrication -- Contrôle -- Périodiques; Process control; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 660.281
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jprocont.2020.06.008
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0959-1524

Abstract

Abstract: Hydrogen production systems supplied by photovoltaic solar energy have nonlinear dynamics and discontinuities which must be taken into account when a control system is applied. The main purpose of the control system is to maintain the electrolyzer current at the desired operating point and, at the same time, to optimize the grid energy consumption despite the solar energy variability. Classic controllers, like PID ones, are not able to obtain good performance over the whole operation range of these kinds of plants because of the aforementioned characteristics. To overcome these limitations, an optimal control strategy and a linear hybrid model predictive controller (HMPC) are applied to a hydrogen production system in this work. Regarding the optimal control design, a systematic framework is presented in order to obtain the optimal (in the sense of minimal grid energy consumption) trajectory of the states by converting the control problem into a boundary value problem by means of the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Interestingly, the resulting control law is explicit and piecewise continuous. Regarding the linear HMPC strategy, a mixed logical dynamical description of the linearized equations of the system is considered in order to obtain the control law by solving an optimization problem in the form of a mixed integer quadratic programming. For this control strategy three cost functions associating the grid energy consumption and the electrolyzer efficiency are presented. The proposed controllers are tested through numerical simulations for both the nominal and uncertain cases and different performance indexes are considered. Finally, a discussion of the main advantages and disadvantages of each controller in real-life applications is presented. Highlights: Two controllers are designed for the control problem of a hydrogen production system. An explicit optimal control law is derived. The HMPC algorithm approximates the optimal behavior. Simulation tests with real data are performed for the nominal and uncertain cases. The advantages and drawbacks of each of the proposed controllers are discussed.