Exposure of consumers to substandard antibiotics from selected authorised and unauthorised medicine sales outlets in Ghana. Issue 8 (8th June 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Exposure of consumers to substandard antibiotics from selected authorised and unauthorised medicine sales outlets in Ghana. Issue 8 (8th June 2020)
- Main Title:
- Exposure of consumers to substandard antibiotics from selected authorised and unauthorised medicine sales outlets in Ghana
- Authors:
- Bekoe, Samuel Oppong
Ahiabu, Mary‐Anne
Orman, Emmanuel
Tersbøl, Britt Pinkowski
Adosraku, Reimmel Kwame
Hansen, Martin
Frimodt‐Moller, Niels
Styrishave, Bjarne - Abstract:
- Abstract: Objective: To assess the quality of antibiotics sampled from authorised sales outlets (ATs) (i.e. hospitals/health centres, pharmacies and licensed chemical shops) and unauthorised sales outlets (UATs) (mainly street vendors) in Ghana and to explore the health‐seeking behaviour of medicine consumers. Methods: The contents of 14 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in 348 sampled products were determined using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method. Data on health‐seeking practices were collected through entry and exit interviews and field observations from ATs and UATs. Results: It was observed that 66.38% of all sampled antibiotic products were substandard; they either contained less (<90%) or more API (>110%) than the label claim. Medicines from UATs recorded substantially less API contents than those from ATs ( F (2, 419) = 43.01, P < 0.0001). For example, 90.54% of street vendor samples contained < 90% of the APIs. 75.93% of consumers often sought self‐treatment with drugs without a prescription from UATs, as they perceived UATs as easily accessible, trustworthy and knowledgeable, and their medicines as inexpensive. These consumers rather thought of the formal healthcare providers as alternative sources. Conclusions: Consumers who purchase from UATs are at high risk of receiving substandard medicines. The quality of medicines in the national healthcare system, in the supply chain and in the distribution system needsAbstract: Objective: To assess the quality of antibiotics sampled from authorised sales outlets (ATs) (i.e. hospitals/health centres, pharmacies and licensed chemical shops) and unauthorised sales outlets (UATs) (mainly street vendors) in Ghana and to explore the health‐seeking behaviour of medicine consumers. Methods: The contents of 14 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in 348 sampled products were determined using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method. Data on health‐seeking practices were collected through entry and exit interviews and field observations from ATs and UATs. Results: It was observed that 66.38% of all sampled antibiotic products were substandard; they either contained less (<90%) or more API (>110%) than the label claim. Medicines from UATs recorded substantially less API contents than those from ATs ( F (2, 419) = 43.01, P < 0.0001). For example, 90.54% of street vendor samples contained < 90% of the APIs. 75.93% of consumers often sought self‐treatment with drugs without a prescription from UATs, as they perceived UATs as easily accessible, trustworthy and knowledgeable, and their medicines as inexpensive. These consumers rather thought of the formal healthcare providers as alternative sources. Conclusions: Consumers who purchase from UATs are at high risk of receiving substandard medicines. The quality of medicines in the national healthcare system, in the supply chain and in the distribution system needs to be monitored regularly to reduce the incidence of substandard medicines and their impact on antimicrobial resistance. The fight against substandard medicines needs to incorporate a full understanding of socioeconomic factors that drive consumer decisions regarding their health and choice of healthcare providers. Abstract : Objectif: Evaluer la qualité des antibiotiques prélevés auprès des vendeurs autorisés (VA) (c'est‐à‐dire les hôpitaux/centres de santé, les pharmacies et les magasins de produits chimiques agréés) et des vendeurs non autorisés (VNA) (principalement les vendeurs de rue) au Ghana et étudier le comportement des utilisateurs de médicaments en quête de santé. Méthodes: Le contenu de 14 principes actifs (PA) pharmaceutiques dans 348 produits échantillonnés a été déterminé à l'aide d'une méthode validée de chromatographie liquide et de spectrométrie de masse en tandem (LC‐MS/MS). Les données sur les pratiques de recherche de santé ont été collectées par le biais d'entretiens d'entrée et de sortie, et d'observations sur le terrain des VA et des VNA. Résultats: Il a été observé que 66, 38% de tous les produits antibiotiques échantillonnés étaient inférieurs aux normes; ils contenaient soit moins (<90%), soit plus de PA (>110%) que ce qui était indiqué sur la notice. Les médicaments provenant des VNA ont enregistré une quantité de PA sensiblement inférieure à celle des VA ( F (2, 419) = 43.01, P < 0, 0001). Par exemple, 90, 54% des échantillons de vendeurs de rue contenaient <90% de PA. 75, 93% des utilisateurs ont souvent cherché à se soigner eux‐mêmes avec des médicaments sans ordonnance des VNA, car ils ont perçu les VNA comme étant facilement accessibles, fiables et bien informés, et leurs médicaments comme étant peu coûteux. Ces utilisateurs considéraient également les prestataires de soins de santé officiels comme des sources alternatives. Conclusions: Les utilisateurs qui s'approvisionnent auprès des VNA courent un risque élevé de recevoir des médicaments de qualité inférieure. La qualité des médicaments dans le système national de santé, dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement et dans le système de distribution doit être contrôlée régulièrement pour réduire l'incidence des médicaments de qualité inférieure et leur impact sur la résistance aux antimicrobiens. La lutte contre les médicaments de qualité inférieure doit intégrer une compréhension complète des facteurs socioéconomiques qui déterminent les décisions des utilisateurs concernant leur santé et le choix des prestataires de soins de santé. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Tropical medicine & international health. Volume 25:Issue 8(2020)
- Journal:
- Tropical medicine & international health
- Issue:
- Volume 25:Issue 8(2020)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 25, Issue 8 (2020)
- Year:
- 2020
- Volume:
- 25
- Issue:
- 8
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2020-0025-0008-0000
- Page Start:
- 962
- Page End:
- 975
- Publication Date:
- 2020-06-08
- Subjects:
- antibiotic medicines -- poor‐quality medicines -- antimicrobial resistance -- liquid chromatography -- tandem mass spectrometry method -- drug quality assessment -- medicine sales outlets
Tropical medicine -- Periodicals
Public health -- Periodicals
616.988 - Journal URLs:
- http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/member/institutions/issuelist.asp?journal=tmi ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-3156 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/tmi.13442 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 1360-2276
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 9056.402000
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 13737.xml