The potential of circulating exosomal RNA biomarkers in cancer. (2nd July 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chu, Yin Lam; Li, Harriet; Ng, Pik Lan Amanda; Kong, Siu Ting; Zhang, Hao; Lin, Yusheng; Tai, William Chi Shing; Yu, Allen Chi Shing; Yim, Aldrin Kay Yuen; Tsang, Hin Fung; Cho, William Chi Shing; Wong, Sze Chuen Cesar
• Is Part Of: Expert review of molecular diagnostics. Volume 20:Number 7(2020)
• Page Start: 665
• Page End: 678
• Publication Date: 2020-07-02
• Subjects: Exosomal RNA -- exoRNA -- cancer monitoring -- early detection -- noninvasive screening; Molecular diagnosis -- Periodicals; 616.0758205
• DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1745064
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1473-7159

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction: There are great potentials of using exosomal RNAs (exoRNA) as biomarkers in cancers. The isolation of exoRNA requires the use of ultracentrifugation to isolate cell-free RNA followed by detection using real-time PCR, microarray, next-generation sequencing, or Nanostring nCounter system. The use of exoRNA enrichment panels has largely increased the detection sensitivity and specificity when compared to traditional diagnostic tests. Moreover, using exoRNA as biomarkers can assist the early detection of chemo and radioresistance cancer, and in turn opens up the possibility of personalized treatment to patients. Finally, exoRNA can be detected at an early stage of cancer recurrence to improve the survival rate. Areas covered: In this review, the authors summarized the detection methods of exoRNA as well as its potential as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis and chemo and radioresistance. Expert opinion: The application of exoRNAs in clinical diagnosis is still in its infancy. Further researches on extracellular vesicles isolation, detection protocols, exoRNA classes and subclasses, and the regulatory biological pathways have to be performed before exoRNA can be applied translationally.