Massive fatal overdose of abrin with progressive encephalopathy. (3rd May 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Horowitz, B. Zane; Castelli, Rachel; Hughes, Adrienne; Hendrickson, Robert G.; Johnson, Rudolph C.; Thomas, Jerry D.
• Is Part Of: Clinical toxicology. Volume 58:Number 5(2020)
• Page Start: 417
• Page End: 420
• Publication Date: 2020-05-03
• Subjects: Abrin -- abrine -- jequirity bean; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Toxicological emergencies -- Periodicals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2019.1655150
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1556-3650

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: The jequirity bean ( Abrus precatorius ) seed contains abrin, a toxalbumin, that irreversibly binds the 60-s ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis. Neurologic manifestations of ingestions are rare. Case details: We present a case of a 20-year-old man with 24 h of vomiting, diarrhea and 2 h of hematemesis and hematochezia. He admitted to purchasing 1000 jequirity beans online, crushing and ingesting them 26 h prior to presentation in a suicide attempt. Over the next 2 days, he developed hallucinations, incomprehensible mumbling and grunting, disconjugate gaze with abnormal roving eye movements and a left gaze preference with his right eye deviated medially. There was a fine tremor of the upper extremities and he had brief episodes of choreoathetoid movements of his legs. A head CT was normal with no cerebral edema. He progressed to minimally responsive to noxious stimuli, and was unable to converse or follow commands and displayed increased choreoathetoid movements of his extremities. An electroencephalogram (EEG) showed only mild background slowing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed showing bilaterally symmetric signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia, brainstem, corpus callosum and corona radiata with diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement. The patient developed a tonic–clonic seizure followed by pulseless electrical activity, from which he was resuscitated. He was provided comfort care and died just under 5 days after his ingestion. Results: Urine analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was positive for 8.84 ng/ml of l -abrine (4.96 ng l -abrine/mg creatinine) 61 h after admission to the hospital (approximately 87 h post-ingestion). Serum concentrations for l -abrine and ricinine were both below the limits of detection. Discussion: Ingestion of 1000 crushed jequirity beans purchased on the internet resulted in progressive encephalopathy and death.